德国两岁以下儿童水痘疫苗接种覆盖率。
Varicella vaccination coverage of children under two years of age in Germany.
机构信息
Robert Koch Institute, DGZ-Ring 1, 13086 Berlin, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2010 Aug 19;10:502. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-502.
BACKGROUND
Since July 2004, routine varicella vaccination is recommended by the German Standing Vaccination Committee in Germany. Health Insurance Funds started to cover vaccination costs at different time points between 2004 and 2006 in the Federal States. Nationwide representative data on vaccination coverage against varicella of children under two years of age are not available. We aimed to determine varicella vaccination coverage in statutory health insured children under two years of age in twelve German Federal States using data from associations of statutory health insurance physicians (ASHIPs), in order to investigate the acceptance of the recommended routine varicella vaccination programme.
METHODS
We analysed data on varicella vaccination from 13 of 17 ASHIPs of the years 2004 to 2007. The study population consisted of all statutory health insured children under two years of age born in 2004 (cohort 2004) or 2005 (cohort 2005) in one of the studied regions. Vaccination coverage was determined by the number of children vaccinated under 2 years of age within the study population.
RESULTS
Varicella vaccination coverage of children under two years of age with either one dose of the monovalent varicella vaccine or two doses of the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine increased from 34% (cohort 2004) to 51% (cohort 2005) in the studied regions (p < 0.001). More than half of the vaccinated children of cohort 2004 and two third of cohort 2005 were immunised at the recommended age 11 to 14 months. The level of vaccination coverage of cohort 2004 was significantly associated with the delay in introduction of cost coverage since the recommendation of varicella vaccination (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows increasing varicella vaccination coverage of young children, indicating a growing acceptance of the routine varicella vaccination programme by the parents and physicians. We recommend further monitoring of vaccination coverage using data from ASHIPs to investigate acceptance of the routine vaccination programmes over time.
背景
自 2004 年 7 月以来，德国常规疫苗接种委员会建议在德国进行常规水痘疫苗接种。在 2004 年至 2006 年期间，联邦各州的健康保险基金开始在不同时间点支付疫苗接种费用。目前还没有针对 2 岁以下儿童的全国范围内具有代表性的水痘疫苗接种覆盖率数据。我们旨在通过法定健康保险医师协会（ASHIP）的数据，确定 12 个德国联邦州 2 岁以下儿童的法定健康保险儿童的水痘疫苗接种覆盖率，以调查对推荐的常规水痘疫苗接种计划的接受程度。
方法
我们分析了 2004 年至 2007 年 13 个 ASHIP 的水痘疫苗接种数据。研究人群包括在研究区域内出生的 2004 年（队列 2004 年）或 2005 年（队列 2005 年）的所有 2 岁以下的法定健康保险儿童。通过研究人群中 2 岁以下接受疫苗接种的儿童人数来确定疫苗接种覆盖率。
结果
在研究区域内，接受单价水痘疫苗或麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘疫苗接种的 2 岁以下儿童的水痘疫苗接种覆盖率从 2004 年的 34%（队列 2004 年）增加到 2005 年的 51%（队列 2005 年）（p<0.001）。2004 年接种疫苗的儿童中有一半以上和 2005 年接种疫苗的儿童中有三分之二是在推荐的 11 至 14 个月龄时进行免疫接种的。2004 年队列的疫苗接种覆盖率水平与推荐水痘疫苗接种后费用覆盖延迟显著相关（p<0.001）。
结论
我们的研究表明，幼儿的水痘疫苗接种覆盖率不断提高，表明家长和医生对常规水痘疫苗接种计划的接受程度不断提高。我们建议使用 ASHIP 的数据进一步监测疫苗接种覆盖率，以调查随着时间的推移对常规疫苗接种计划的接受程度。
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