Berkovitch Matitiahu, Mazzota Paul, Greenberg Revital, Elbirt Daniel, Addis Antony, Schuler-Faccini Lavinia, Merlob Paul, Arnon Judy, Stahl Bracha, Magee Laura, Moretti Myla, Ornoy Asher
Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Am J Perinatol. 2002 Aug;19(6):311-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-34469.
Nausea and vomiting are very common during pregnancy, mainly throughout the first trimester. Metoclopramide is a dopamine receptor blocking drug that is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the effect on the fetus of intrauterine exposure to metoclopramide. One hundred and seventy-five women who received metoclopramide and consulted 6 teratogen information centers in Israel, Italy, Brazil, and Canada were studied. Women exposed to metoclopramide were paired for age, smoking and alcohol consumption habits with women exposed to nonteratogens. Women in the metoclopramide group had a significantly higher rate of premature births (8.1%) as compared with the control group (2.4%) ( p = 0.02, relative risk = 3.37, 95% confidence interval 1.12-10.12). Rates of major malformations in the metoclopramide group (4.4%) did not differ from controls (4.8%) ( p = 0.84, relative risk = 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.34-2.45). According to our findings, metoclopramide use during the first trimester of pregnancy does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of malformations, spontaneous abortions, or decreased birth weight, however, larger studies are needed to confirm these observations.
恶心和呕吐在孕期非常常见，主要发生在孕早期。甲氧氯普胺是一种多巴胺受体阻断药物，常用于治疗恶心和呕吐。这项前瞻性研究的目的是调查宫内接触甲氧氯普胺对胎儿的影响。研究了175名接受甲氧氯普胺治疗并咨询以色列、意大利、巴西和加拿大6个致畸物信息中心的女性。将接触甲氧氯普胺的女性与接触非致畸物的女性按年龄、吸烟和饮酒习惯进行配对。甲氧氯普胺组的早产率（8.1%）显著高于对照组（2.4%）（p = 0.02，相对风险 = 3.37，95%置信区间1.12 - 10.12）。甲氧氯普胺组的 major 畸形率（4.4%）与对照组（4.8%）无差异（p = 0.84，相对风险 = 0.91，95%置信区间0.34 - 2.45）。根据我们的研究结果，孕期头三个月使用甲氧氯普胺似乎与畸形风险增加、自然流产或出生体重降低无关，然而，需要更大规模的研究来证实这些观察结果。 （注：原文中“major malformations”直译为“主要畸形”，可能表述不太准确，更准确的医学术语可能需结合具体语境进一步确定，这里暂按字面翻译）
