Dittmar Manuela
Institute of Anthropology, Department of Biology, University of Mainz, Germany.
Hum Biol. 2002 Aug;74(4):569-85. doi: 10.1353/hub.2002.0040.
This study aimed to provide data on lateral preferences among older subjects, to analyze age differences, and to determine interrelations between lateral preferences. Four functional preferences (handedness, footedness, eyedness, earedness) and three postural lateral preferences (hand-clasping, arm-folding, leg-crossing) were assessed in 628 Germans (252 men, 376 women) aged between 19 and 90 years. Sex differences, age differences, and associations between lateralities were analyzed applying chi-square tests. Logistic regression analyses considering age, sex, and interactions between variables were applied to analyze combined effects on laterality measures. Right-sided preference for handedness, footedness, eyedness, earedness, and leg-crossing characterized 86.8%, 77.1%, 70.9%, 67.8%, and 56.6%, respectively, of subjects, while a left-sided preference for hand-clasping and arm-folding characterized 56.4% and 60.2%, respectively, of all participants. Results are within the range of other populations. Only footedness differed between the sexes: there were more left-footed men. Older cohorts showed a rightward shift in handedness, eyedness, earedness, and leg-crossing, the opposite for arm-folding. No age-related differences exist in footedness or hand-clasping. Logistic regression models indicate no interaction between age and sex for each laterality measure. The four functional lateralities are significantly interrelated. All also are positively associated with leg-crossing. Conversely, the postural lateralities generally are not correlated, although leg-crossing and arm-folding are, inversely. The observed relationships among lateralities support the hypothesis that handedness, footedness, leg-crossing, and earedness might be aspects of a larger phenotype that is independent of hand-clasping and arm-folding.
本研究旨在提供老年受试者的侧向偏好数据，分析年龄差异，并确定侧向偏好之间的相互关系。对628名年龄在19岁至90岁之间的德国人（252名男性，376名女性）进行了四项功能偏好（利手、利足、利眼、利耳）和三项姿势侧向偏好（扣手、双臂交叉、跷二郎腿）的评估。应用卡方检验分析性别差异、年龄差异以及不同侧向偏好之间的关联。采用考虑年龄、性别以及变量间相互作用的逻辑回归分析来分析对侧向偏好测量的综合影响。利手、利足、利眼、利耳和跷二郎腿的右侧偏好分别在86.8%、77.1%、70.9%、67.8%和56.6%的受试者中表现明显，而扣手和双臂交叉的左侧偏好分别在56.4%和60.2%的所有参与者中表现明显。结果在其他人群的范围内。只有利足存在性别差异：左利足男性更多。年龄较大的人群在利手、利眼、利耳和跷二郎腿方面表现出向右偏移，而双臂交叉则相反。利足或扣手方面不存在与年龄相关的差异。逻辑回归模型表明，每种侧向偏好测量中年龄和性别之间不存在相互作用。四种功能侧向偏好显著相关。所有这些偏好也都与跷二郎腿呈正相关。相反，姿势侧向偏好通常不相关，尽管跷二郎腿和双臂交叉呈负相关。观察到侧向偏好之间的关系支持了这样一种假设，即利手、利足、跷二郎腿和利耳可能是一个更大表型的组成部分，该表型独立于扣手和双臂交叉。
