Kyhl John F, Bartelt Robert J, Cossé Allard, Juzwik Jennifer, Seybold Steven J
Department of Entomology University of Minnesota, St Paul 55108, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2002 Aug;28(8):1527-47. doi: 10.1023/a:1019968211223.
The sap beetle, Colopterus truncatus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is one of the primary vectors of the oak wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis fagacearum, in the north-central United States. Field behavioral assays utilizing various release rates and blends of three methyl-branched hydrocarbon aggregation pheromone components showed that flight responses of this beetle were similar in Illinois and Minnesota populations. In both locations, both sexes of the beetle responded synergistically to a combination of the three-component pheromone and fermenting whole-wheat bread dough. Further, Colopterus truncatus preferred a high release rate over a low release rate of the three-component blend. In both locations, the response of C. truncatus to a simplified version of the pheromone consisting of (2E,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatriene (1) and (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6,8-decatetraene (3) was not significantly different from the response to the three-component blend. An experiment in Illinois with all possible combinations of the components demonstrated that the decatetraene (3) was the crucial component in the blend; of all treatments, the maximal response was elicited by 3 + dough. Chipped bark, phloem, and xylem from northern pin oak, Quercus ellipsoidalis, was not attractive to C. truncatus in Minnesota. During a weekly survey over two seasons in Minnesota, C. truncatus flew in response to the three-component pheromone between early April and early July, with the maximum responses coming on May 4, 2000 and April 20, 2001. During both years, more than 98% of the beetles were trapped between April 14 and June 1. During the same survey, Glischrochilus spp. (Nitiduildae) flew during longer periods of the summer, particularly in 2001. The sex ratio of C. truncatus responding during all experiments was female-biased (1.8:1, female-male), which is characteristic of other male-produced coleopteran aggregation pheromones. Other sap beetles that play a minor role in the pathobiology of C. fagacearum also responded in experiments conducted in Minnesota. Carpophilus brachypterus Say was cross-attracted to the two- and three-component blends of the C. truncatus pheromone and dough, whereas two Glischrochilus spp. were attracted to all treatments that contained dough.
锯谷盗（Colopterus truncatus，鞘翅目：露尾甲科）是美国中北部橡树枯萎病菌（Ceratocystis fagacearum）的主要传播媒介之一。利用三种甲基支链烃聚集信息素成分的不同释放速率和混合物进行的田间行为测定表明，伊利诺伊州和明尼苏达州种群的这种甲虫飞行反应相似。在这两个地点，该甲虫的雌雄两性对三种成分信息素与发酵全麦面包面团的组合均产生协同反应。此外，锯谷盗更喜欢三种成分混合物的高释放速率而非低释放速率。在这两个地点，锯谷盗对由（2E,4E,6E）-3,5-二甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯（1）和（2E,4E,6E,8E）-3,5,7-三甲基-2,4,6,8-癸四烯（3）组成的简化版信息素的反应与对三种成分混合物的反应无显著差异。在伊利诺伊州进行的一项关于所有成分可能组合的实验表明，癸四烯（3）是混合物中的关键成分；在所有处理中，3 + 面团引发的反应最大。明尼苏达州的北方红栎（Quercus ellipsoidalis）的碎树皮、韧皮部和木质部对锯谷盗没有吸引力。在明尼苏达州两个季节的每周调查中，锯谷盗在4月初至7月初对三种成分信息素产生飞行反应，最大反应出现在2000年5月4日和2001年4月20日。在这两年中，超过98%的甲虫在4月14日至6月1日期间被诱捕。在同一调查中，Glischrochilus spp.（露尾甲科）在夏季飞行的时间更长，尤其是在2001年。在所有实验中做出反应的锯谷盗的性别比例偏向雌性（1.8:1，雌性 - 雄性），这是其他雄性产生的鞘翅目聚集信息素的特征。在明尼苏达州进行的实验中，在橡树枯萎病菌病理生物学中起次要作用的其他锯谷盗也有反应。短翅扁隐食甲（Carpophilus brachypterus Say）被锯谷盗信息素和面团的两种和三种成分混合物交叉吸引，而两种Glischrochilus spp.被所有含面团的处理所吸引。
