Cox J D
Cancer. 1975 Sep;36(3):1162-8. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197509)36:3<1162::aid-cncr2820360351>3.0.co;2-0.
The malignant germinal tumors found in the testis (seminoma, teratocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and mixtures of these) can originate in the anterior mediastinum. An occult testicular tumor must be sought, but primary mediastinal germinal tumors constitute a true entity. The details of 24 such patients treated at Walter Reed General Hospital are presented. Of 19 patients who died, 2 were women; postmortem examination of the testes of 13 men failed to reveal a primary tumor. Five patients are alive and well with no testicular abnormality. It is important to distinguish the histopathologic types. Seminomas are readily controlled with modest doses of irradiation. Embryonal carcinomas are also radiocurable with somewhat higher doses; 2 long-term disease-free survivors are reported. Teratocarcinomas are highly malignant and require higher doses for control. Choriocarcinomas progress so rapidly that chemotherapy is necessary.
睾丸中发现的恶性生殖细胞瘤（精原细胞瘤、畸胎癌、胚胎癌、绒毛膜癌以及这些类型的混合瘤）可起源于前纵隔。必须寻找隐匿性睾丸肿瘤，但原发性纵隔生殖细胞瘤是一种真实存在的实体。本文介绍了在沃尔特·里德综合医院接受治疗的24例此类患者的详细情况。19例死亡患者中，2例为女性；对13例男性患者的睾丸进行尸检未发现原发性肿瘤。5例患者存活且状况良好，睾丸无异常。区分组织病理学类型很重要。精原细胞瘤用适度剂量的放疗即可轻易控制。胚胎癌用稍高剂量的放疗也可治愈；报告了2例长期无病生存者。畸胎癌恶性程度高，需要更高剂量来控制。绒毛膜癌进展迅速，因此必须进行化疗。
