Benning Tracy L, LaPointe Dennis, Atkinson Carter T, Vitousek Peter M
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Ecosystem Sciences Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3110, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 29;99(22):14246-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.162372399. Epub 2002 Oct 8.
The Hawaiian honeycreepers (Drepanidae) represent a superb illustration of evolutionary radiation, with a single colonization event giving rise to 19 extant and at least 10 extinct species [Curnutt, J. & Pimm, S. (2001) Stud. Avian Biol. 22, 15-30]. They also represent a dramatic example of anthropogenic extinction. Crop and pasture land has replaced their forest habitat, and human introductions of predators and diseases, particularly of mosquitoes and avian malaria, has eliminated them from the remaining low- and mid-elevation forests. Landscape analyses of three high-elevation forest refuges show that anthropogenic climate change is likely to combine with past land-use changes and biological invasions to drive several of the remaining species to extinction, especially on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii.
夏威夷蜜旋木雀（Drepanidae科）是进化辐射的一个绝佳例证，一次单一的殖民事件就产生了19个现存物种和至少10个已灭绝物种[Curnutt, J. & Pimm, S. (2001) Stud. Avian Biol. 22, 15 - 30]。它们也是人为灭绝的一个显著例子。农田和牧场取代了它们的森林栖息地，人类引入的捕食者和疾病，尤其是蚊子和禽疟，已将它们从剩余的低海拔和中海拔森林中消灭。对三个高海拔森林保护区的景观分析表明，人为气候变化可能会与过去的土地利用变化和生物入侵相结合，导致剩余的几种物种灭绝，尤其是在考艾岛和夏威夷岛上。
