Patz J A, Reisen W K
Program on Health Effects of Global Environmental Change, Dept of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2001 Apr;22(4):171-2. doi: 10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01867-1.
Global climate change might expand the distribution of vector-borne pathogens in both time and space, thereby exposing host populations to longer transmission seasons, and immunologically naive populations to newly introduced pathogens. In the African highlands, where cool temperatures limit malaria parasite development, increases in temperature might enhance malaria transmission. St Louis encephalitis viral replication and the length of the transmission season depend upon ambient temperature. Warming temperatures in the American southwest might place at risk migratory, non-immune elderly persons that arrive in early fall to spend the winter. Warm temperatures might intensify or extend the transmission season for dengue fever. Immunologists should examine this interplay between human immunocompetence and vector-borne disease risks in a warmer world.
全球气候变化可能会在时间和空间上扩大媒介传播病原体的分布范围，从而使宿主群体面临更长的传播季节，并使缺乏免疫力的群体接触到新传入的病原体。在非洲高地，凉爽的气温限制了疟原虫的发育，气温升高可能会增强疟疾传播。圣路易斯脑炎病毒的复制以及传播季节的长短取决于环境温度。美国西南部气温升高可能会使在初秋抵达过冬的迁徙、无免疫力的老年人面临风险。温暖的气温可能会加剧或延长登革热的传播季节。免疫学家应该研究在气候变暖的世界中人类免疫能力与媒介传播疾病风险之间的这种相互作用。
