Brownson Ross C, Figgs Larry W, Caisley Laura E
Department of Community Health and Prevention Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Public Health, Salus Center, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, St Louis, Missouri, MO 63104, USA.
Oncogene. 2002 Oct 21;21(48):7341-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205809.
The health hazards due to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are increasingly established. ETS contains thousands of chemicals including 43 known carcinogens. One of the most important known health effects of ETS exposure is lung cancer in non-smokers, based on epidemiologic evidence and knowledge of the uptake and metabolism of ETS. Epidemiologic studies need to carefully take into account confounding and potential errors in exposure assessment. More research is needed to understand the genetic factors that influence ETS-induced lung cancer. Studies of the patterns of ETS exposure suggest higher rates of exposure in people employed as blue collar workers, in service occupations, earning lower incomes, and among the less educated. Certain racial/ethnic groups (e.g. Blacks, American Indians) may be at higher risk of ETS exposure. Despite substantial progress in protecting individuals from ETS exposure, additional efforts are needed in improving and enforcing policies to reduce exposure.
接触环境烟草烟雾（ETS）对健康造成的危害已日益明确。ETS含有数千种化学物质，其中包括43种已知的致癌物。基于流行病学证据以及对ETS吸收和代谢的了解，接触ETS对健康最重要的已知影响之一是非吸烟者患肺癌。流行病学研究需要仔细考虑混杂因素以及暴露评估中潜在的误差。需要开展更多研究来了解影响ETS诱发肺癌的遗传因素。对ETS暴露模式的研究表明，从事蓝领工作、服务行业、收入较低以及受教育程度较低的人群中，暴露率较高。某些种族/族裔群体（如黑人、美洲印第安人）可能面临更高的ETS暴露风险。尽管在保护个人免受ETS暴露方面取得了重大进展，但仍需进一步努力改进和执行相关政策以减少暴露。
