Gray Nicola S, Fernandez Michelle, Williams Jayne, Ruddle Roy A, Snowden Robert J
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2002 Sep;41(Pt 3):271-84. doi: 10.1348/014466502760379136.
To evaluate which dimensions of schizotypy are associated with a reduction in latent inhibition (LI), akin to that seen in schizophrenia.
LI was compared in low and high scorers on the four dimensions of the OLIFE questionnaire (Mason, Claridge, & Jackson, 1995), with the predictions that the unusual experiences and impulsive non-conformity subscales would be associated with loss of LI, while the introvertive anhedonia subscale would not be.
A total of 80 healthy volunteers completed a visual LI task. Half of these participants were pre-exposed to the conditioning stimulus; the others were not. The primary outcome measure was the number of trials taken to learn the task.
LI was reduced for the dimensions of unusual experiences, impulsive non-conformity and cognitive disorganization. There was no effect of introvertive anhedonia. The effect of unusual experiences and impulsive non-conformity upon LI was mediated via changes in the pre-exposure group and not in the non-pre-exposed group. Conversely, high scorers on the cognitive disorganization scale showed slower learning in non-pre-exposure, but with no effect upon stimulus pre-exposure. As the unusual experiences and implusive non-conformity scales were correlated, we examined if either of these was primary. Analysis showed unusual experiences to be primary, with impulsive non-conformity not contributing significant additional independent variance.
Our results support the proposition that the cognitive processes underlying the mediation of LI are related to the genesis of unusual experiences in schizotypy and, by extension, the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
评估精神分裂症型人格的哪些维度与潜在抑制（LI）的降低相关，类似于在精神分裂症中所见。
在OLIFE问卷（梅森、克拉里奇和杰克逊，1995年）的四个维度上，对低分者和高分者的LI进行了比较，预测异常体验和冲动性非从众分量表将与LI的丧失相关，而内向性快感缺乏分量表则不然。
共有80名健康志愿者完成了一项视觉LI任务。这些参与者中有一半预先接触了条件刺激；另一半没有。主要结果指标是学习该任务所需的试验次数。
异常体验、冲动性非从众和认知紊乱维度的LI降低。内向性快感缺乏没有影响。异常体验和冲动性非从众对LI的影响是通过预先接触组的变化介导的，而非预先接触组则没有。相反，认知紊乱量表得分高的人在非预先接触时学习较慢，但对刺激预先接触没有影响。由于异常体验和冲动性非从众量表相互关联，我们检查了其中任何一个是否起主要作用。分析表明异常体验起主要作用，冲动性非从众没有显著增加额外的独立方差。
我们的结果支持这样一种观点，即LI调节背后的认知过程与精神分裂症型人格中异常体验的发生有关，进而与精神分裂症的阳性症状有关。
