Lelieveld J, Berresheim H, Borrmann S, Crutzen P J, Dentener F J, Fischer H, Feichter J, Flatau P J, Heland J, Holzinger R, Korrmann R, Lawrence M G, Levin Z, Markowicz K M, Mihalopoulos N, Minikin A, Ramanathan V, De Reus M, Roelofs G J, Scheeren H A, Sciare J, Schlager H, Schultz M, Siegmund P, Steil B, Stephanou E G, Stier P, Traub M, Warneke C, Williams J, Ziereis H
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Post Office Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany.
Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):794-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1075457.
The Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study, performed in the summer of 2001, uncovered air pollution layers from the surface to an altitude of 15 kilometers. In the boundary layer, air pollution standards are exceeded throughout the region, caused by West and East European pollution from the north. Aerosol particles also reduce solar radiation penetration to the surface, which can suppress precipitation. In the middle troposphere, Asian and to a lesser extent North American pollution is transported from the west. Additional Asian pollution from the east, transported from the monsoon in the upper troposphere, crosses the Mediterranean tropopause, which pollutes the lower stratosphere at middle latitudes.
2001年夏季开展的地中海强氧化剂研究发现了从地表到15公里高空的空气污染层。在边界层，整个区域都超出了空气污染标准，这是由来自北方的西欧和东欧污染造成的。气溶胶颗粒还会减少太阳辐射穿透到地表，从而抑制降水。在对流层中部，亚洲以及程度稍轻的北美污染从西部传输过来。来自东部的额外亚洲污染，通过对流层上部的季风传输，越过地中海对流层顶，污染了中纬度地区的平流层下部。
