Ipsiroglu Osman S, Fatemi Ali, Werner Irene, Paditz Ekkehart, Schwarz Bernhard
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Intensive Care, Vienna University Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
J Adolesc Health. 2002 Nov;31(5):436-42. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00423-8.
To estimate the prevalence of self-reported sleep problems, to examine associations among demographic characteristics, familial factors, and sleep problems, and to investigate the association between the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nonorganic sleep disorders.
An anonymous questionnaire with 22 questions was designed. 332 schoolchildren (aged 11-15 years, mean age 12 years and 9 months; median, 12 years; 56% female, 44% male) from two high schools in Vienna were investigated with regard to self-reported symptoms characteristic for obstructive sleep apnea and for parasomnia/insomnia. Data were analyzed by definition of three groups (problem, occasional problem, and nonproblem sleepers, and by calculation of an insomnia/parasomnia sum score). Statistical analysis included nonparametric tests (Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal), Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis.
Twelve percent reported at least one sleep problem every night, 76% reported occasional sleep problems, and 12% had no sleep problems. Girls were affected more frequently than boys (p <.01). Children with sleep problems suffered more often from concentration difficulties (p <.05), daytime fatigue (p <.001), and daytime naps (p <.05). Children who snored had nightmares (10% vs. 2%, p <.01), night terrors (4% vs. 1.5%, p <.001), sleepwalking (1.4% vs. 1%, p <.05), and nocturnal awakening (16% vs. 5%, p <.01) more frequently. On multiple regression analysis, 23% of the variability of a defined parasomnia/insomnia sum score had the characteristic OSA symptoms of nocturnal sweating, dryness of the mouth, snoring, hyperactivity, and daytime fatigue.
12% of schoolchildren aged 11-15 years reported sleep problems almost every night. The children suffer from daytime fatigue, naps, and concentration difficulties. Nearly one-fourth of the symptoms of parasomnia/insomnia were associated with characteristic signs of OSA, suggesting the importance of a routine clinical investigation in children with so-called nonorganic sleep disorders.
评估自我报告的睡眠问题的患病率，研究人口统计学特征、家庭因素与睡眠问题之间的关联，并调查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）症状与非器质性睡眠障碍之间的关联。
设计了一份包含22个问题的匿名问卷。对维也纳两所高中的332名学童（年龄11 - 15岁，平均年龄12岁9个月；中位数为12岁；女性占56%，男性占44%）进行了调查，询问他们关于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停以及异态睡眠/失眠的自我报告症状。通过定义三组（问题睡眠者、偶尔有问题的睡眠者和无睡眠问题者）并计算失眠/异态睡眠总分来分析数据。统计分析包括非参数检验（曼 - 惠特尼U检验和克鲁斯卡尔检验）、皮尔逊相关检验和多元回归分析。
12%的人报告每晚至少有一个睡眠问题，76%的人报告偶尔有睡眠问题，12%的人没有睡眠问题。女孩比男孩受影响更频繁（p <.01）。有睡眠问题的儿童更常出现注意力不集中（p <.05）、白天疲劳（p <.001）和白天打盹（p <.05）。打鼾的儿童出现噩梦（10%对2%，p <.01）、夜惊（4%对1.5%，p <.001）、梦游（1.4%对1%，p <.05）和夜间觉醒（16%对5%，p <.01）的频率更高。多元回归分析显示，定义的异态睡眠/失眠总分中23%的变异性具有夜间出汗、口干、打鼾、多动和白天疲劳等OSA特征症状。
11 - 15岁的学童中有12%报告几乎每晚都有睡眠问题。这些儿童存在白天疲劳、打盹和注意力不集中的问题。近四分之一的异态睡眠/失眠症状与OSA的特征性体征相关，这表明对所谓非器质性睡眠障碍儿童进行常规临床检查的重要性。
