Kilincaslan Ayse, Yilmaz Kutluhan, Oflaz Serap Batmaz, Aydin Neriman
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Pediatr Int. 2014 Aug;56(4):594-600. doi: 10.1111/ped.12287. Epub 2014 May 30.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency and correlates of a variety of sleep problems in adolescents.
A representative school-based sample of 3485 8th-12th graders was selected according to the cluster sampling technique. A sleep questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were completed by the students along with their parents. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent variables of insomnia, parasomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).
Initiation insomnia, maintenance insomnia, non-restorative sleep (NRS) and EDS were described by 12.4%, 10.7%, 9% and 9.7%, respectively. At least one parasomnia with a frequency above the median was reported by 23.4% (nightmare, 12.8%; sleep terror, 3.6%; sleepwalking, 2.5%; bruxism, 2.5%; and sleep talking, 10.9%). Insomnias and parasomnias were highly associated with each other. Female gender was related to maintenance insomnia, NRS and night terror. Emotional problems correlated with initiation insomnia, maintenance insomnia, NRS, EDS, nightmares and bruxism; hyperactivity/inattention with initiation insomnia, NRS and sleep talking. Conduct problems were associated with NRS, whereas poor school performance was associated with initiation insomnia.
Self-reported sleep problems were prevalent and highly associated with each other and behavioral and emotional difficulties in Turkish adolescents.
本研究旨在调查青少年各种睡眠问题的发生率及其相关因素。
采用整群抽样技术，选取3485名8至12年级学生作为具有代表性的学校样本。学生及其家长完成了一份睡眠问卷和优势与困难问卷。采用逻辑回归分析确定失眠、异态睡眠和日间过度嗜睡（EDS）的独立变量。
起始失眠、维持失眠、非恢复性睡眠（NRS）和EDS的发生率分别为12.4%、10.7%、9%和9.7%。23.4%的人报告至少有一种异态睡眠频率高于中位数（噩梦，12.8%；夜惊，3.6%；梦游，2.5%；磨牙症，2.5%；说梦话，10.9%）。失眠和异态睡眠之间高度相关。女性与维持失眠、NRS和夜惊有关。情绪问题与起始失眠、维持失眠、NRS、EDS、噩梦和磨牙症相关；多动/注意力不集中与起始失眠、NRS和说梦话相关。品行问题与NRS有关，而学习成绩差与起始失眠有关。
自我报告的睡眠问题在土耳其青少年中普遍存在，且相互之间以及与行为和情绪问题高度相关。
