Green Jonathan, Goldwyn Ruth
Academic Department of Child Psychiatry, Booth Hall Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;43(7):835-46. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00102.
The past 10 years have seen a fruitful line of enquiry building on identification of previously unclassifiable patterns of infant-mother interaction. A critical review of these new findings in attachment theory, highlighting their potential relevance to child psychopathology, is presented.
Selective literature review relating to disorganised attachment in childhood.
Disorganised patterns of attachment have only relatively recently been described. They show characteristic patterns of evolution in development. There is evidence that disorganised attachments are associated with specific forms of distorted parenting, which are distinct from general parental insensitivity and are associated with unresolved loss or trauma in the caregiver. There are also links with aspects of neurodevelopment vulnerability in the child. Attachment disorganisation is a powerful predictor of a range of later social and cognitive difficulties and psychopathology.
The identification of disorganised attachment has greatly increased the potential relevance of attachment theory to general clinical work. However, the concept raises many methodological and theoretical issues. Among issues needing further exploration is the way in which attachment disorganisation relates to children's general mental states and may be affected by cognitive functioning and developmental impairment.
在过去十年中，基于对以前无法分类的母婴互动模式的识别，展开了一系列富有成果的研究。本文对依恋理论中的这些新发现进行了批判性综述，强调了它们与儿童精神病理学的潜在相关性。
对与儿童期紊乱型依恋相关的文献进行选择性综述。
紊乱型依恋模式直到最近才被描述。它们在发展过程中呈现出独特的演变模式。有证据表明，紊乱型依恋与特定形式的扭曲养育方式有关，这种养育方式不同于一般的父母冷漠，且与照顾者未解决的丧失或创伤有关。它还与儿童神经发育脆弱性的某些方面存在联系。依恋紊乱是一系列后期社会和认知困难以及精神病理学的有力预测指标。
紊乱型依恋的识别大大增加了依恋理论与一般临床工作的潜在相关性。然而，这一概念引发了许多方法学和理论问题。需要进一步探索的问题包括依恋紊乱与儿童一般心理状态的关系方式，以及它可能如何受到认知功能和发育障碍的影响。
