Primary Care Unit, Cambridge University, United Kingdom.
Department of Social Work & Communities, Northumbria University, United Kingdom.
Soc Sci Med. 2018 Mar;200:52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.034. Epub 2018 Jan 19.
Since its introduction by Main and Solomon in 1990, the infant disorganised attachment classification has functioned as a predictor of mental health in developmental psychology research. It has also been used by practitioners as an indicator of inadequate parenting and developmental risk, at times with greater confidence than research would support. Although attachment disorganisation takes many forms, it is generally understood to reflect a child's experience of being repeatedly alarmed by their parent's behaviour. In this paper we analyse how the infant disorganised attachment classification has been stabilised and interpreted, reporting results from archival study, ethnographic observations at four training institutes for coding disorganised attachment, interviews with researchers, certified coders and clinicians, and focus groups with child welfare practitioners. Our analysis points to the role of power/knowledge disjunctures in hindering communication between key groups: Main and Solomon and their readers; the oral culture of coders and the written culture of published papers; the research community and practitioners. We highlight how understandings of disorganised attachment have been magnetised by a simplified image of a child fearful of his or her own parent.
自 1990 年 Main 和 Solomon 将其引入以来,婴儿失调型依恋分类一直是发展心理学研究中心理健康的预测指标。从业者也将其用作育儿不足和发育风险的指标,有时其信心程度超过了研究的支持。尽管依恋失调有多种形式,但通常被理解为反映了儿童反复被父母行为惊吓的经历。在本文中,我们分析了婴儿失调型依恋分类是如何被稳定和解释的,报告了档案研究、四个编码失调型依恋培训研究所的民族志观察、对研究人员、认证编码员和临床医生的访谈以及儿童福利从业者焦点小组的结果。我们的分析指出了权力/知识脱节在阻碍关键群体之间的沟通方面的作用:Main 和 Solomon 及其读者;编码员的口头文化和已发表论文的书面文化;研究界和从业者。我们强调了失调型依恋的理解是如何被孩子害怕自己父母的简单形象所吸引的。