Iwata Noboru, Buka Stephen
Life Course and Health Research Center, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, University Park/DM-240, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2002 Dec;55(12):2243-52. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00003-5.
To examine manifestations of depressive symptomatology among undergraduate students in East Asia, North and South America, responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were compared across Japanese (n = 310), Anglo-American (n = 377), Native American (n = 353), and Argentinean (n = 110) undergraduate students. Japanese reported a significantly higher level of low positive affect, leading to significantly higher total CES-D scores, whereas their negative symptoms score was comparable to scores of Anglo-Americans and Argentineans. Although Native Americans were more likely to endorse negative symptoms, their low positive affect score was comparable to those of Argentineans. Argentineans appear to suffer less from depressive symptoms. Results from a Differential Item Functioning analysis, using Anglo-Americans as the reference group, indicated that: (1) the manifestation of depressive symptoms seemed to be similar for Anglo-Americans and Argentineans, except for low positive affect; (2) Native Americans tended to favor somatic symptoms over affective (depressive) symptoms; (3) responses to positive affect questions could possibly be biased not only for Japanese but also for people in North America; i.e., the expression of positive affect might be enhanced in North American culture, while inhibited in Japanese culture.
为了研究东亚、北美和南美大学生中抑郁症状的表现，对日本（n = 310）、英裔美国人（n = 377）、美国原住民（n = 353）和阿根廷（n = 110）大学生对流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）的回答进行了比较。日本人报告的低积极情绪水平显著更高，导致CES-D总分显著更高，而他们的消极症状得分与英裔美国人和阿根廷人的得分相当。虽然美国原住民更倾向于认可消极症状，但他们的低积极情绪得分与阿根廷人相当。阿根廷人似乎受抑郁症状的困扰较少。以英裔美国人为参照组的差异项目功能分析结果表明：（1）除了低积极情绪外，英裔美国人和阿根廷人抑郁症状的表现似乎相似；（2）美国原住民倾向于选择躯体症状而非情感（抑郁）症状；（3）对积极情绪问题的回答可能不仅对日本人有偏差，对北美地区的人也有偏差；即，积极情绪的表达在北美文化中可能会增强，而在日本文化中会受到抑制。
