Department of Clinical Psychology, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
Psychosocial Epidemiology, Graduate School of Nursing, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, 321-0293, Japan.
BMC Psychol. 2023 Aug 3;11(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01250-y.
A previous study has shown that Japanese individuals generally exhibit behavior that suppresses the expression of positive emotions, which are strongly affected by affectivity traits. In the present study, to clarify the relationship between affectivity traits and work engagement (WE) or work-related psychosocial factors among Japanese workers, we compared it to the association between psychological distress and these same factors.
A total of 1,000 full-time Japanese regular workers responded to an online survey that measured demographic variables, negative and positive affectivity, job demands and resources, WE, and psychological distress. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted separately, which used WE and psychological distress as dependent variables.
The proportion of variance explained by negative and positive affectivity was lower for WE than for psychological distress. However, the proportion of variance defined by job demands and resources was higher for WE than for psychological distress. The proportion of variance explained by all variables for negative and positive affectivity and job demands and resources, and their interactions was approximately equal for WE and psychological distress.
These results emphasize when researchers aim to evaluate the change of psychosocial factors in the workplace, such as improving the workplace environment among Japanese workers, it might be beneficial to measure positive indicators in addition to negative indicators. Furthermore, enriching job resources would be effective in improving WE and alleviating psychological distress.
先前的研究表明，日本人普遍表现出抑制积极情绪表达的行为，而积极情绪强烈受到情感特质的影响。在本研究中，为了阐明日本劳动者的情感特质与工作投入（WE）或与工作相关的心理社会因素之间的关系，我们将其与心理困扰和这些相同因素之间的关系进行了比较。
共有 1000 名日本全职正式员工通过在线调查回答了问题，该调查测量了人口统计学变量、消极和积极的情感特质、工作需求和资源、WE 和心理困扰。我们分别进行了分层多元回归分析，将 WE 和心理困扰作为因变量。
消极和积极情感特质对 WE 的解释方差比例低于对心理困扰的解释方差比例。然而，工作需求和资源对 WE 的解释方差比例高于对心理困扰的解释方差比例。对于 WE 和心理困扰，所有变量（消极和积极情感特质、工作需求和资源及其相互作用）的解释方差比例大致相等。
这些结果强调了，当研究人员旨在评估工作场所心理社会因素的变化时，例如改善日本劳动者的工作环境，除了测量消极指标外，测量积极指标可能会有所帮助。此外，丰富工作资源将有助于提高 WE 和减轻心理困扰。
