Pope Harrison G, Gruber Amanda J, Hudson James I, Huestis Marilyn A, Yurgelun-Todd Deborah
Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA.
J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;42(S1):41S-47S. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06002.x.
The cognitive effects of long-term cannabis use are insufficiently understood. Most studies concur that cognitive deficits persist at least several days after stopping heavy cannabis use. But studies differ on whether such deficits persist long term or whether they are correlated with increasing duration of lifetime cannabis use. The authors administered neuropsychological tests to 77 current heavy cannabis users who had smoked cannabis at least 5000 times in their lives, and to 87 control subjects who had smoked no more than 50 times in their lives. The heavy smokers showed deficits on memory of word lists on Days 0, 1, and 7 of a supervised abstinence period. By Day 28, however, few significant differences were found between users and controls on the test measures, and there were few significant associations between total lifetime cannabis consumption and test performance. Although these findings may be affected by residual confounding, as in all retrospective studies, they suggest that cannabis-associated cognitive deficits are reversible and related to recent cannabis exposure rather than irreversible and related to cumulative lifetime use.
长期使用大麻对认知的影响尚未得到充分了解。大多数研究一致认为，在停止大量使用大麻后，认知缺陷至少会持续数天。但对于这些缺陷是否会长期持续，或者它们是否与终身使用大麻的时间增加相关，研究结果存在分歧。作者对77名目前的重度大麻使用者（他们一生中吸食大麻至少5000次）和87名对照受试者（他们一生中吸食大麻不超过50次）进行了神经心理学测试。在监督戒断期的第0天、第1天和第7天，重度吸烟者在单词列表记忆方面表现出缺陷。然而，到第28天，在测试指标上，使用者和对照组之间几乎没有发现显著差异，并且终身大麻消费总量与测试表现之间几乎没有显著关联。尽管这些发现可能像所有回顾性研究一样受到残余混杂因素的影响，但它们表明，与大麻相关的认知缺陷是可逆的，并且与近期大麻接触有关，而非不可逆且与终身累积使用有关。
