Preconception counseling about nutrition and exercise.

Being overweight and being underweight can both cause problems during pregnancy. Corrective intervention should be addressed during the preconception period. Preconception counseling is of particular importance for women on special diets or those who have conditions such as pica, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and lactose intolerance. Supplements of folic acid and iron should be considered. Excesses of vitamin A, vitamin D, and caffeine should be avoided. Appropriate levels of exercise may be maintained during pregnancy and should be encouraged.