Erskine R J, Bartlett P C, VanLente J L, Phipps C R
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2002 Oct;85(10):2571-5. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74340-3.
The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of intramuscular administration of ceftiofur to reduce the incidence of case-related death and culling following severe clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle. A total of 104 cows with severe clinical mastitis (systemic signs) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Immediately after detection of the case, one group was administered 2.2 mg/kg of ceftiofur intramuscularly, and the dose repeated at 24-h intervals for a total of five doses. The second group of cows did not receive systemic antibacterial therapy. Additionally, all cows in both treatment groups received intramammary pirlimycin (Pirsue) in the affected quarter every 24 h for a total of up to three doses. Also at the onset of the case, all cows on the trial were administered a supportive therapeutic regimen of fluids and anti-inflammatory agents that varied from farm to farm, but was standard within each herd at the discretion of the herd manager and veterinarian. Of all cases 14/104 (13.5%) resulted in a lost cow (died or culled). The proportion of cases that resulted in a lost cow and were treated with ceftiofur (4/51; 7.8%) did not statistically differ from cows that were not treated with ceftiofur (10/53; 18.9%). However, the proportion of cases that resulted in lost cows was higher for those cases that yielded a coliform organism on culture (14/56; 25.0%) than cases that did not yield coliforms (0/48; 0.0%; P < 0.001). Thus, among coliform cases, cows that were not treated with ceftiofur were more likely to be culled or die (10/27, 37.0%; P < 0.05) than cows treated with ceftiofur (4/29, 13.8%). We conclude that intramuscular administration of ceftiofur did not affect the outcome of severe clinical mastitis when all etiologic agents are included in the analysis. However, for severe clinical mastitis cases caused by coliform organisms, ceftiofur therapy reduced the proportion of cases that resulted in cow death or culling. This benefit may be realized because of the amelioration of bacteremic-related pathogenesis.
本研究的目的是确定肌内注射头孢噻呋对降低泌乳奶牛严重临床型乳腺炎后与病例相关的死亡和扑杀发生率的疗效。共有104头患有严重临床型乳腺炎（全身症状）的奶牛纳入本研究，并随机分配到两个治疗组之一。在确诊病例后，一组奶牛立即接受2.2mg/kg头孢噻呋肌内注射，剂量每24小时重复一次，共注射五次。第二组奶牛未接受全身抗菌治疗。此外，两个治疗组的所有奶牛均在患侧乳房每隔24小时接受一次乳房内注射吡利霉素（Pirsue），最多共注射三次。同样在病例发生时，试验中的所有奶牛均接受了补液和抗炎药物的支持性治疗方案，各农场的方案有所不同，但由畜群管理者和兽医根据畜群情况自行决定，在每个畜群中均为标准方案。在所有病例中，14/104（13.5%）导致奶牛损失（死亡或被扑杀）。接受头孢噻呋治疗的病例中导致奶牛损失的比例（4/51；7.8%）与未接受头孢噻呋治疗的奶牛（10/53；18.9%）在统计学上无差异。然而，培养出大肠菌群的病例中导致奶牛损失的比例（14/56；25.0%）高于未培养出大肠菌群的病例（0/48；0.0%；P<0.001）。因此，在大肠菌群感染病例中，未接受头孢噻呋治疗的奶牛比接受头孢噻呋治疗的奶牛更有可能被扑杀或死亡（10/27，37.0%；P<0.05）（4/29，13.8%）。我们得出结论，当分析所有病原体时，肌内注射头孢噻呋对严重临床型乳腺炎的结局无影响。然而，对于由大肠菌群引起的严重临床型乳腺炎病例，头孢噻呋治疗降低了导致奶牛死亡或被扑杀的病例比例。由于改善了与菌血症相关的发病机制，可能会实现这一益处。
