Schmitt David P
Bradley University, USA.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2002 Sep;41(Pt 3):387-402. doi: 10.1348/014466602760344278.
Although a number of studies have explored perceived sex differences in romantic attraction effectiveness, no research has systematically examined whether different rating contexts might moderate effectiveness judgments. In a meta-analytic review of romantic attraction research, four potential moderating variables were examined: temporal context (unspecified, long-term, short-term), manipulation form (self-promotion, competitor derogation), attraction type (general, retention, poaching), and sex of rater (mixed, same, opposite). Although perceived sex differences in physical appearance and resource-related tactics remained stable across most moderating variables, sex differences did vary across some rating contexts. For example, perceptions of sex differences in the effectiveness of appearance-related attraction tactics were much stronger in the context of self-promotion (d = -.77) compared with the competitor derogation context (d = -.17). Resource-related tactics of attraction displayed the opposite pattern, with significantly larger perceived sex differences in the context of competitor derogation (d =.93) than in self-promotion (d =.68). Discussion focused on the implications of sex difference variability and stability across rating contexts for evolutionary theories of romantic attraction.
尽管已有多项研究探讨了在浪漫吸引力有效性方面所感知到的性别差异，但尚无研究系统地考察不同的评分背景是否会调节有效性判断。在一项对浪漫吸引力研究的元分析综述中，考察了四个潜在的调节变量：时间背景（未明确、长期、短期）、操纵形式（自我提升、贬低竞争对手）、吸引力类型（一般、挽留、挖墙脚）以及评分者性别（混合、同性、异性）。尽管在大多数调节变量中，在外表和与资源相关策略方面所感知到的性别差异保持稳定，但性别差异在某些评分背景下确实有所不同。例如，与贬低竞争对手背景（d = -0.17）相比，在自我提升背景下，对外表相关吸引策略有效性的性别差异感知要强得多（d = -0.77）。与资源相关的吸引策略呈现出相反的模式，在贬低竞争对手背景下（d = 0.93）所感知到的性别差异显著大于自我提升背景下（d = 0.68）。讨论聚焦于评分背景下性别差异的变异性和稳定性对浪漫吸引力进化理论的影响。
