Saweri W
Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
P N G Med J. 2001 Sep-Dec;44(3-4):151-63.
Although it is not happening uniformly within the country, the adoption of a modern lifestyle by Papua New Guineans is affecting their food habits and choices. More and more people consume rice, tinned fish and tinned meat. In towns and in villages with easy access to urban centres, these food items comprise an ever increasing part of the diet. These dietary changes are leading to increases in the prevalence of chronic lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, hypertension and coronary heart disease. Although average calorie availability is similar in urban and rural sectors, at around 2600 kilocalories per person per day, the nutritional outcomes are different. This is mainly due to the higher energy density of the modern urban diet with a greater intake of fat and protein. The traditional diet is low in protein with rather high energy content from starchy root crops. Studies have shown that urban children tend to be taller and heavier than their rural counterparts and that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher among adults in urban than in rural areas. Finally, across all income groups and geographical regions, more women than men are chronically undernourished.
尽管巴布亚新几内亚国内并非普遍如此，但巴布亚新几内亚人采用现代生活方式正在影响他们的饮食习惯和选择。越来越多的人食用大米、罐装鱼和罐装肉。在城镇以及交通便利、靠近城市中心的村庄，这些食品在饮食中所占的比例越来越大。这些饮食变化导致肥胖、高血压和冠心病等与慢性生活方式相关疾病的患病率上升。尽管城乡地区人均每日可获取的热量平均相似，约为2600千卡，但营养结果却有所不同。这主要是由于现代城市饮食的能量密度较高，脂肪和蛋白质摄入量更大。传统饮食的蛋白质含量低，而淀粉类块根作物的能量含量相当高。研究表明，城市儿童往往比农村儿童更高更重，而且城市成年人中超重和肥胖的患病率高于农村地区。最后，在所有收入群体和地理区域中，长期营养不良的女性比男性更多。
