Adamus Grazyna, Chan Chi-Chao
Neurological Sciences Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
Int Rev Immunol. 2002 Mar-Jun;21(2-3):209-29. doi: 10.1080/08830180212068.
Human autoimmune uveitides are diverse and complex. Animal models have been developed for studying the pathogenesis of uveitis because of the difficulties in obtaining tissues from a patient's inflamed eye for experiments. There are animal models for experimental uveitis that provoke inflammation of different tissues of the eye and represent different forms of uveitis. Since inflammatory cells can infiltrate any part of the uvea and spill over to nonuveal tissues, such as retina, various antigens have been used to induce uveitis. Most of those models that represent autoimmune forms of uveitis are induced with proteins specific for photoreceptor cells (S-antigen, IRBP, rhodopsin, recoverin, phosducin). Nonretinal antigens, including melanin-associated proteins and myelin basic protein, are also good inducers of uveitis in animals.
人类自身免疫性葡萄膜炎多种多样且复杂。由于难以从患者发炎的眼睛获取组织用于实验，因此已开发出动物模型来研究葡萄膜炎的发病机制。有用于实验性葡萄膜炎的动物模型，可引发眼睛不同组织的炎症，并代表不同形式的葡萄膜炎。由于炎症细胞可浸润葡萄膜的任何部位并扩散至非葡萄膜组织，如视网膜，因此已使用各种抗原诱导葡萄膜炎。大多数代表自身免疫性葡萄膜炎形式的模型是用针对光感受器细胞的特异性蛋白质（S抗原、视网膜间层黏附分子、视紫红质、恢复蛋白、磷酸二酯酶）诱导的。非视网膜抗原，包括黑色素相关蛋白和髓鞘碱性蛋白，也是动物葡萄膜炎的良好诱导剂。
