Dewailly Eric, Furgal Chris, Knap Anthony, Galvin Jennifer, Baden Dan, Bowen Bob, Depledge Michael, Duguay Linda, Fleming Lora, Ford Tim, Moser Fredricka, Owen Richard, Suk William A, Unluata Umit
Laval University, Quebec.
Can J Public Health. 2002 Sep-Oct;93 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S34-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03405116.
The interactions between humans and the ocean are significant, and necessitate more comprehensive study on an international scale. The world's oceans provide great health benefits to humans ranging from food and nutritional resources, to recreational opportunities and new treatments for human disease. However, recently, human health effects from exposure to substances present in the marine ecosystem such as synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., chlorobiphenyls, chlorinated dioxins and some industrial solvents), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals (both introduced and anthropogenic), marine toxins, and pathogens have been recorded and are of great concern. This paper reviews our state of knowledge of the interactions between oceans and human health and proposes indicators and a research strategy to investigate and monitor these relationships more closely. Four approaches to gathering information on indicators included here are: biomarkers; cellular pathology; physiological and behavioural responses; and changes in populations. All hold the potential to enhance our understanding of marine environmental quality and far-reaching effects on human health. Monitoring systems that include the rapid assessment of contaminants in the ecosystem and subsequent risk to human populations, with appropriate internationally distributed data bases, need to be developed and validated. Such tools would provide early detection of potential environmental threats, and enhance the ability to prevent human illness.
人类与海洋之间的相互作用意义重大，需要在国际范围内进行更全面的研究。世界海洋为人类带来了诸多健康益处，从食物和营养资源到娱乐机会以及人类疾病的新疗法。然而，最近有记录表明，人类接触海洋生态系统中存在的物质，如合成有机化学品（如氯联苯、氯代二噁英和一些工业溶剂）、多环芳烃（PAHs）、金属（既有天然的也有人类活动产生的）、海洋毒素和病原体后，对人类健康产生了影响，这引起了人们的极大关注。本文回顾了我们对海洋与人类健康相互作用的认识状况，并提出了一些指标以及一项研究策略，以便更密切地调查和监测这些关系。本文涵盖的收集指标信息的四种方法是：生物标志物；细胞病理学；生理和行为反应；以及种群变化。所有这些方法都有可能增进我们对海洋环境质量及其对人类健康深远影响的理解。需要开发并验证监测系统，该系统包括对生态系统中污染物的快速评估以及随后对人类种群的风险评估，并配备适当的国际分布式数据库。此类工具将能够早期发现潜在的环境威胁，并增强预防人类疾病的能力。
