Krustrup Peter, Mohr Magni, Bangsbo Jens
Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Sports Sci. 2002 Nov;20(11):861-71. doi: 10.1080/026404102320761778.
To determine the movement patterns and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant referees, we performed computerized time-motion analysis and measured heart rate and blood lactate concentration in 15 assistant referees during 22 competitive matches in the top Danish league. To relate match performance to the physical capability of the assistant referees, they performed a 3 x 30 m sprint protocol before and after matches and a laboratory treadmill test within 3 weeks of the games. The mean total distance covered by the top-class assistant referees was 7.28 (range 5.78-8.16) km, of which 1.15 (0.86-1.44) km was high-intensity running and 1.16 (0.12-2.34) km was sideways running. The amount of high-intensity running during a game was correlated with performance of repeated sprints (r = 0.80, P < 0.05). Mean heart rate was 137 (117-159) beats x min(-1), corresponding to 73% (60-88%) of maximal heart rate and 65% (53-80%) of maximal oxygen uptake. Blood lactate concentration was 4.7 (1.6-11.0) and 4.8 (1.1-13.7) mmol x 1(-1) after the first and second half, respectively. Sprinting performance was poorer (P < 0.05) after than before the games. The peak distance to the offside line was greater (P < 0.05) in the second than the first half (7 +/- 1 vs 5 +/- 0 m). Our results show that: (1) top-class assistant soccer refereeing is characterized by brief intense bouts of forward and sideways running interspersed with long periods of low activity; (2) top-class soccer assistant referees have moderate aerobic energy production during games with episodes of high aerobic and anaerobic energy turnover; (3) assistant referees' performance of repeated sprints correlates with the amount of high-intensity running performed in a game; and (4) sprint performance decreases towards the end of a game, which appears to affect assistant referees' ability to keep up with play.
为了确定顶级足球助理裁判的运动模式和生理需求，我们对15名助理裁判在丹麦顶级联赛的22场比赛中进行了计算机化的时间动作分析，并测量了他们的心率和血乳酸浓度。为了将比赛表现与助理裁判的身体能力联系起来，他们在比赛前后进行了3次30米短跑测试，并在比赛的3周内进行了实验室跑步机测试。顶级助理裁判平均总跑动距离为7.28（范围5.78 - 8.16）千米，其中高强度跑为1.15（0.86 - 1.44）千米，侧向跑为1.16（0.12 - 2.34）千米。比赛中高强度跑的量与重复冲刺的表现相关（r = 0.80，P < 0.05）。平均心率为137（117 - 159）次/分钟，相当于最大心率的73%（60 - 88%）和最大摄氧量的65%（53 - 80%）。上下半场结束后血乳酸浓度分别为4.7（1.6 - 11.0）和4.8（1.1 - 13.7）毫摩尔/升。比赛后的冲刺表现比比赛前差（P < 0.05）。越位线的峰值距离在下半场比上半场更大（P < 0.05）（7 ± 1米对5 ± 0米）。我们的结果表明：（1）顶级足球助理裁判的特点是短时间内有激烈的向前和侧向跑动，中间穿插长时间的低活动；（2）顶级足球助理裁判在比赛中有适度的有氧能量产生，伴有高有氧和无氧能量转换的阶段；（3）助理裁判的重复冲刺表现与比赛中进行的高强度跑的量相关；（4）比赛接近尾声时冲刺表现下降，这似乎影响了助理裁判跟上比赛节奏的能力。
