Johnston L, McNaughton L
Centre for Human Movement, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
Aust J Sci Med Sport. 1994 Sep-Dec;26(3-4):67-72.
The movement patterns and heart rate responses of Soccer referees during matches were examined. A movement analysis was performed using a grid method and subjects wore a PE 3000 heart rate monitor during the match. The mean distance (+/- SD) covered was 9,408 m (+/- 838m) which comprised: walking (18.9%), jogging (46.6%), running/striding (12.1%), sprinting (6.2%) and backwards movement (16.2%). If walking and jogging are pooled as low intensity activity and high intensity work is defined as running/striding and sprinting then the majority of distance was covered by low intensity activity (65.5%). No differences in the total distance covered during the two halves was evident. However, in the second half the subjects walked more than in the first half (p < 0.01), while they ran/strode more in the first when compared to the second half (p < 0.01). The subjects' mean heart rate during the first and second halves was not significantly different and were 163 and 162 beats per minute (b.min-1) respectively. If the theoretical maximum heart rate for each subject (220-age) is used, the major percentage of the time was spent at heart rates above 85% HRmax. Based upon the distance results of this study, the major energy source for Soccer refereeing would appear to be the aerobic system with the anaerobic system contributing to ATP production to a lesser extent. The results of this study suggest that refereeing at a high level places a significant physiological demand upon these athletes; they therefore require specialised assessment and training.
研究了足球裁判在比赛中的运动模式和心率反应。采用网格法进行运动分析，比赛期间受试者佩戴PE 3000心率监测仪。平均覆盖距离（±标准差）为9408米（±838米），包括：步行（18.9%）、慢跑（46.6%）、跑步/大步跑（12.1%）、冲刺跑（6.2%）和向后移动（16.2%）。如果将步行和慢跑合并为低强度活动，将跑步/大步跑和冲刺跑定义为高强度工作，那么大部分距离是由低强度活动覆盖的（65.5%）。上下半场覆盖的总距离没有明显差异。然而，下半场受试者步行的距离比上半场更多（p<0.01），而与下半场相比，他们在上半场跑步/大步跑的距离更多（p<0.01）。受试者上下半场的平均心率没有显著差异，分别为每分钟163次和162次（次·分钟⁻¹）。如果使用每个受试者的理论最大心率（220-年龄），大部分时间心率都高于最大心率的85%。根据本研究的距离结果，足球裁判的主要能量来源似乎是有氧系统，无氧系统对ATP生成的贡献较小。本研究结果表明，高水平的裁判工作对这些运动员提出了重大的生理需求；因此，他们需要专门的评估和训练。
