Lopes de Lima Cássio Zacarias, de Sousa Fortes Leonardo, Pires Daniel Alvarez, Souza Machado Hugo Enrico, Socorro Dantas Oliveira Andreza Do, Coswig Victor Silveira, Penna Eduardo Macedo
Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Mar;25(3):e12222. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12222. Epub 2025 Jan 16.
Executive functioning (EF) in referees is associated with their decision-making during a match and can be affected by mental fatigue (MF), a psychobiological state induced by prolonged periods of cognitive activity or high cognitive demand within a short timeframe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of MF on EF and the perception of effort during a physical task for football referees. Twelve male professional football referees were recruited (32 ± 7.3 years; 1.75 ± 0.06 cm; 85 ± 13.32 kg; 41.4 ± 5.92 mL kg min VO2max), visiting the laboratory on three occasions: one for characterization and familiarization and two experimental manipulations: high cognitive load (MF) and low cognitive load. After manipulations, they performed a physical task designed to replicate the physical demands of an official match. During the physical task, executive functioning was tested with a reaction time task and the ratings of perceived effort were assessed using subjective scales. The results revealed no effect of MF on response time performance (p = 0.395). However, higher perceptions of effort were observed in the high cognitive load condition (p = 0.018), which may impact physical performance. Despite the alteration in the perception of effort due to mental fatigue, executive function performance of football referees remained unimpaired.
裁判的执行功能（EF）与他们在比赛中的决策有关，并且可能受到精神疲劳（MF）的影响，精神疲劳是一种由长时间的认知活动或在短时间内的高认知需求所诱发的心理生物学状态。因此，本研究的目的是调查精神疲劳对足球裁判执行功能以及一项体力任务中主观用力感觉的影响。招募了12名男性职业足球裁判（年龄32±7.3岁；身高1.75±0.06厘米；体重85±13.32千克；最大摄氧量41.4±5.92毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹），他们三次到访实验室：一次用于特征描述和熟悉环境，另外两次为实验操作：高认知负荷（精神疲劳）和低认知负荷。操作之后，他们执行一项旨在模拟正式比赛体力需求的体力任务。在体力任务过程中，通过一项反应时间任务测试执行功能，并使用主观量表评估主观用力感觉。结果显示精神疲劳对反应时间表现没有影响（p = 0.395）。然而，在高认知负荷条件下观察到更高的主观用力感觉（p = 0.018），这可能会影响体能表现。尽管精神疲劳导致主观用力感觉发生了变化，但足球裁判的执行功能表现并未受损。
