Kelly Bryan T, Backus Sherry I, Warren Russell F, Williams Riley J
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2002 Nov-Dec;30(6):837-44. doi: 10.1177/03635465020300061401.
The phases of the football throw need definition so that muscle activation patterns during the overhead football throw can be fully described.
Electromyographic analysis of shoulder musculature can better define muscle activation patterns during the football throw.
Descriptive anatomic study.
Videos of 20 elite-level quarterbacks were reviewed to define phases of the overhead football throw; 14 recreational male athletes underwent electromyography and motion analysis testing.
Four sequential phases of the football throw were consistently observed. Early cocking (49% +/- 11% of throw) was initiated at rear foot plant and continued to maximal shoulder abduction and internal rotation. Late cocking (20% +/- 6%) started at maximal shoulder abduction and internal rotation and ended with maximal shoulder external rotation. The acceleration phase (15% +/- 4%) began with maximal shoulder external rotation and ended with ball release. Follow-through (16% +/- 5%) was defined as the phase from ball release to maximal horizontal adduction (across the body).
The four phases demonstrated little variation in motion analysis and electromyographic activation between subjects and were associated with muscle activation patterns consistent with upper extremity movements.
A clearer understanding of muscle activation patterns may help to explain patterns of muscle injury and improve rehabilitation protocols in football-throwing athletes.
橄榄球投掷动作的阶段需要明确界定，以便能够充分描述过头式橄榄球投掷过程中的肌肉激活模式。
对肩部肌肉组织进行肌电图分析能够更好地界定橄榄球投掷过程中的肌肉激活模式。
描述性解剖学研究。
回顾20名精英水平四分卫的视频，以界定过头式橄榄球投掷的阶段；14名男性业余运动员接受了肌电图和运动分析测试。
始终观察到橄榄球投掷有四个连续阶段。早期引臂（占投掷时间的49%±11%）始于后脚落地，持续至肩部最大外展和内旋。晚期引臂（20%±6%）始于肩部最大外展和内旋，结束于肩部最大外旋。加速阶段（15%±4%）始于肩部最大外旋，结束于球出手。随挥阶段（16%±5%）定义为从球出手到最大水平内收（越过身体）的阶段。
这四个阶段在受试者之间的运动分析和肌电图激活方面几乎没有差异，并且与上肢运动一致的肌肉激活模式相关。
更清楚地了解肌肉激活模式可能有助于解释肌肉损伤模式，并改善橄榄球投掷运动员的康复方案。
