Bøyum A, Rønsen O, Tennfjord V A, Tollefsen S, Haugen A H, Opstad P K, Bahr R
Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002 Nov;88(1-2):20-8. doi: 10.1007/s00421-002-0705-2. Epub 2002 Sep 18.
In this study nine elite athletes each participated in three different 24- h trials, as follows: (1) complete bed rest (REST), (2) one bout of exercise at 1515 hours (ONE-EX), (3) two exercise bouts, one at 1100 hours and one at 1515 hours (TWO-EX-3 h), and (4) two exercise bouts, one at 0800 hours and one at 1515 hours (TWO-EX-6 h). Exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer with 10 min of warm-up and then 65 min at an exercise intensity of 75% of maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2max)). The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts increased consistently in response to exercise, and more in trial TWO-EX-3 h than in the two other exercise trials (P < 0.01). The respiratory burst of PMN was measured as chemiluminescence (CL), obtained with phorbol myristate (PMA) and serum-opsonised zymosan (SOZ) as stimulators. Exercise triggered the CL response for a defined number of PMN, significantly above baseline (REST) values (P < 0.05) for ONE-EX and TWO-EX-3 h, but not for TWO-EX-6 h. The strongest response was observed for TWO-EX-3 h, but the difference between exercise procedures was not significant. However, as a novel approach, a comparison was made using total oxidative potentials per litre of blood, as obtained by combining CL values and PMN numbers. TWO-EX-3 h yielded significantly higher values than the other experimental treatments. Thus, by this measure the total oxidative potential of PMN x l(-1) blood remains at a higher level with short intervals between exercise bouts (i.e. 3 h instead of 6 h), possibly due to a combined effect of cell number increase and the priming state of PMN. This may suggest that for intensive training twice a day, a recovery phase of 5-6 h is preferable. The elevation in cell number is best explained by a combined effect of catecholamines and cortisol. Growth hormone is one probable candidate as a stimulator of CL, but other molecular participants that respond to exercise may exert roles as either stimulators or inhibitors of CL.
在本研究中，9名精英运动员每人都参加了三项不同的24小时试验，具体如下：（1）完全卧床休息（REST）；（2）在15:15进行一次运动（ONE-EX）；（3）两次运动，一次在11:00，一次在15:15（TWO-EX-3 h）；（4）两次运动，一次在08:00，一次在15:15（TWO-EX-6 h）。运动在功率自行车上进行，先进行10分钟热身，然后以最大摄氧量（VO₂max）的75%的运动强度持续运动65分钟。多形核中性粒细胞（PMN）计数在运动后持续增加，且在TWO-EX-3 h试验中的增加幅度大于其他两项运动试验（P < 0.01）。PMN的呼吸爆发以化学发光（CL）来衡量，分别使用佛波酯肉豆蔻酸酯（PMA）和血清调理酵母聚糖（SOZ）作为刺激物来获取。运动引发了一定数量PMN的CL反应，ONE-EX和TWO-EX-3 h试验中该反应显著高于基线（REST）值（P < 0.05），但TWO-EX-6 h试验中未出现这种情况。观察到TWO-EX-3 h试验中的反应最强，但不同运动程序之间的差异不显著。然而，作为一种新方法，通过结合CL值和PMN数量计算每升血液的总氧化电位进行了比较。TWO-EX-3 h试验得出的值显著高于其他实验处理。因此，通过这种测量方法，运动回合之间间隔较短（即3小时而非6小时）时，PMN×1⁻¹血液的总氧化电位保持在较高水平，这可能是由于细胞数量增加和PMN的预激活状态共同作用的结果。这可能表明，对于一天进行两次的高强度训练，5至6小时的恢复阶段更为可取。细胞数量的增加最好用儿茶酚胺和皮质醇的联合作用来解释。生长激素可能是CL的刺激物之一，但其他对运动有反应的分子参与者可能作为CL的刺激物或抑制剂发挥作用。
