Naftalin Lenny W, Yagiela John A
Section of Anesthesiology, Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Oct;46(4):733-46, ix. doi: 10.1016/s0011-8532(02)00021-6.
Vasoconstrictors are useful additives to local anesthetic solutions. They can enhance the duration and quality of the anesthetic block while also decreasing surgical blood loss. Precautions must be taken, however, when using vasoconstrictors with certain patients, especially those with cardiovascular disease. Several drug interactions must also be considered before administration of a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor, and special care must be taken when injecting such preparations in patients on nonspecific beta-adrenergic blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, cocaine, and certain general anesthetics. Lastly, in the patient with true sulfite allergy, local anesthetics without a vasoconstrictor should be used.
血管收缩剂是局部麻醉溶液中有用的添加剂。它们可以延长麻醉阻滞的持续时间并提高其质量，同时还能减少手术中的失血量。然而，在某些患者，尤其是患有心血管疾病的患者中使用血管收缩剂时必须采取预防措施。在给予含有血管收缩剂的局部麻醉药之前，还必须考虑几种药物相互作用，并且在给服用非特异性β-肾上腺素能阻滞剂、三环类抗抑郁药、儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶抑制剂、可卡因和某些全身麻醉药的患者注射此类制剂时必须格外小心。最后，对于真正对亚硫酸盐过敏的患者，应使用不含血管收缩剂的局部麻醉药。
