March B E, Biely J, Soong R
Poult Sci. 1975 Nov;54(6):1875-82. doi: 10.3382/ps.0541875.
White Leghorn pullets of two strains were fed soybean or rapeseed meal during either or both the growing period and laying period in two separate experiments. Rapeseed meal may be fed to growing pullets at levels up to 17% of the diet without adversely affecting the subsequent rate of egg production or egg size. Birds fed laying diets containing 19% of rapeseed meal produced a greater egg mass per hen-day and gained more weight during the laying period when the growing diet contained rapeseed meal instead of soybean meal. Birds shifted at sexual maturity from soybean to rapeseed meal as dietary protein supplement undergo metabolic adjustment which retards the attainment of maximum rate of production and induces cannibalism. Both rate of production and egg size were lower when rapeseed meal constituted 19% of the laying diet in replacement of soybean meal as protein supplement. Mortality, exclusive of that resulting from cannibalism, was 4.1% and 4.6% respectively in the two experiments. Death from liver haemorrhage occurred only in birds of one strain which were fed rapeseed meal during the laying period and principally in birds which had been fed rapeseed meal during the growing period as well.
在两项独立实验中，两种品系的白来航母鸡在生长期和产蛋期分别或同时喂食大豆粕或菜籽粕。菜籽粕可用于喂养生长中的母鸡，用量最高可达日粮的17%，而不会对后续产蛋率或蛋的大小产生不利影响。当生长日粮中含有菜籽粕而非大豆粕时，喂食含19%菜籽粕的产蛋日粮的母鸡，每母鸡日产蛋量更高，且在产蛋期体重增加更多。性成熟时从大豆粕转为菜籽粕作为日粮蛋白质补充物的母鸡会进行代谢调整，这会延缓达到最高产蛋率并引发同类相食。当菜籽粕占产蛋日粮的19%以替代大豆粕作为蛋白质补充物时，产蛋率和蛋的大小都会降低。在这两项实验中，不包括同类相食导致的死亡，死亡率分别为4.1%和4.6%。肝出血死亡仅发生在一个品系的母鸡中，这些母鸡在产蛋期喂食菜籽粕，且主要是在生长期也喂食了菜籽粕的母鸡。
