Cook R J, Dickens B M, Fathalla M F
Faculty of Law, Faculty of Medicine and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002 Dec;79(3):281-7. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7292(02)00277-1.
The practice better described as female genital cutting (FGC) is of long standing in some communities, and has spread to non-traditional countries by immigration. It is of varying degrees of invasiveness, often including clitoridectomy, but all raise health-related concerns, which can be of considerable physical and/or psychological severity, and compromise gynecological and obstetric care. The practice is not based on a requirement of religious observance, although parents usually seek it for their daughters in good faith. It is directed to the social control of women's sexuality, in association with preservation of virginity and family honor. FGC is becoming increasingly prohibited by law, in countries both of its traditional practice and of immigration. Medical practice prohibits FGC. In compromising women's health and negating their sexuality, FGC is a human rights abuse that physicians have a role in eliminating by education of patients and communities.
这种更确切地称为女性生殖器切割（FGC）的做法在一些社区由来已久，并通过移民传播到了非传统国家。其具有不同程度的侵害性，通常包括阴蒂切除术，但所有这些都引发了与健康相关的问题，这些问题在身体和/或心理上可能相当严重，并会影响妇科和产科护理。这种做法并非基于宗教仪式的要求，尽管父母通常是出于善意替女儿寻求这种做法。它旨在对女性的性行为进行社会控制，与保持贞操和家庭荣誉相关联。在其传统实施国家和移民国家，FGC越来越多地被法律禁止。医疗行业禁止FGC。FGC损害了女性健康并否定了她们的性权利，是一种侵犯人权的行为，医生应通过对患者和社区进行教育来发挥作用消除这种行为。
