Department of Legal and Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Public Health, University-Hospital of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35128, Padova, Italy.
Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, University-Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
Int J Legal Med. 2017 Nov;131(6):1719-1730. doi: 10.1007/s00414-017-1645-z. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Asylum seekers often experience situations of vulnerability, being frequently exposed to a heightened risk of harm, and thus require special care, support and protection. The categories of "vulnerable persons", identified by International Legislation, and an individual's classification as a "vulnerable asylum seeker", have important implications in the reception procedures, in the decision-making phase and in the definition of therapeutic needs and rehabilitation. The Istanbul Protocol, the first international guideline approved by the United Nations and applied in different contexts, is not applicable for the assessment of the totality of the conditions (medical and otherwise), and therefore, the identification and assessment of conditions of vulnerability is largely delegated to questionnaires administered by non-medical personnel. The proposed methodology, based on the modificatory reworking of the Guidelines of the International Academy of Legal Medicine concerning the "medicolegal ascertainment of personal injury and damage on the living person", takes into consideration all the medical issues relevant for the decision concerning the applicant, both in the reception procedures and in the outcome of the asylum application.
寻求庇护者常常处于弱势地位，经常面临更高的伤害风险，因此需要特别的关心、支持和保护。国际立法确定的“弱势群体”类别，以及一个人被归类为“弱势寻求庇护者”，对接待程序、决策阶段以及治疗需求和康复的定义都有重要影响。《伊斯坦布尔议定书》是第一个获得联合国批准并在不同背景下适用的国际准则，但它不适用于评估全部情况（医疗和其他方面），因此，弱势状况的识别和评估在很大程度上被委托给非医务人员管理的问卷进行。所提出的方法基于对国际法医学学会关于“活体人身伤害和损害的法医鉴定指南”的修改，考虑到了与申请人相关的所有医学问题，无论是在接待程序中还是在庇护申请的结果中。
