Monto Arnold S, Pichichero Michael E, Blanckenberg Steve J, Ruuskanen Olli, Cooper Chris, Fleming Douglas M, Kerr Caron
School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2002 Dec 1;186(11):1582-8. doi: 10.1086/345722. Epub 2002 Nov 6.
A double-blind, randomized study of inhaled zanamivir for the prevention of influenza in families was conducted. Once a person with a suspected case of influenza was identified (index patient), treatment of all other household members (contacts) > or =5 years old was initiated. Contacts received either 10 mg zanamivir or placebo inhaled once daily for 10 days. Index patients received relief medication only. In total, 487 households (242 placebo and 245 zanamivir) were enrolled, with 1291 contacts randomly assigned to receive prophylaxis. Four percent of zanamivir versus 19% of placebo households (P<.001) had at least 1 contact who developed symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed influenza, representing 81% protective efficacy (95% confidence interval, 64%-90%). Protective efficacy was similarly high for individuals (82%) and against both influenza types A and B (78% and 85%, respectively, for households). Zanamivir was well tolerated and was effective in preventing influenza types A and B within households where the index patient was not treated.
开展了一项关于吸入扎那米韦预防家庭流感的双盲随机研究。一旦确诊有疑似流感病例（索引病例），即开始对所有其他年龄≥5岁的家庭成员（接触者）进行治疗。接触者每天吸入10毫克扎那米韦或安慰剂，持续10天。索引病例仅接受缓解症状的药物治疗。总共招募了487户家庭（242户接受安慰剂，245户接受扎那米韦），1291名接触者被随机分配接受预防治疗。接受扎那米韦治疗的家庭中有4%、接受安慰剂治疗的家庭中有19%至少有1名接触者出现症状性、实验室确诊的流感，保护效力为81%（95%置信区间，64%-90%）。个体的保护效力同样很高（82%），对甲型和乙型流感均有效（家庭中分别为78%和85%）。扎那米韦耐受性良好，在未治疗索引病例的家庭中对预防甲型和乙型流感有效。
