Jelsma J, Mielke J, Powell G, De Weerdt W, De Cock P
Division of Physiotherapy, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Disabil Rehabil. 2002 Nov 10;24(16):851-9. doi: 10.1080/09638280210129766.
This study was undertaken to establish which health conditions are primarily responsible for disability and morbidity in a high-density area in Harare, Zimbabwe.
House-to-house screening visits were followed up by medical examination and interview of those identified as having a functional limitation.
Information was obtained during screening on 10,839 residents. Of these, 608 were examined by medical professionals. The rate of disability/morbidity was 5.6% for the whole sample. Headaches and migraine were the most common problem. These were followed by back pain, hypertension and osteoarthritis. HIV/AIDS was the fifth most common condition. Depression, based on responses to a screening tool, was evident in one-third of the subjects. Common activity limitations included difficulty with the performance of housework activities and with walking. HIV/AIDS resulted in the most severe activity limitation, in that cognitive functions were also affected.
The middle-aged and elderly with osteoarthritis and young women with depression constitute vulnerable groups who are not in a position to demand services. The older women particularly need assistance as they are bearing the double burden of their own degenerative conditions and the results of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
开展本研究以确定在津巴布韦哈拉雷的一个高密度地区，哪些健康状况是导致残疾和发病的主要原因。
在挨家挨户筛查访问之后，对那些被确定有功能受限的人进行医学检查和访谈。
在筛查期间获取了10839名居民的信息。其中，608人接受了医学专业人员的检查。整个样本的残疾/发病率为5.6%。头痛和偏头痛是最常见的问题。其次是背痛、高血压和骨关节炎。艾滋病毒/艾滋病是第五大常见病症。根据一种筛查工具的回答，三分之一的受试者存在明显的抑郁症状。常见的活动受限包括做家务活动和行走困难。艾滋病毒/艾滋病导致的活动受限最为严重，因为认知功能也受到了影响。
患有骨关节炎的中年人和老年人以及患有抑郁症的年轻女性构成了无法要求获得服务的弱势群体。老年女性尤其需要帮助，因为她们承受着自身退行性疾病和艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行后果的双重负担。
