Bergman A B, Gray B, Moffat J M, Simpson E S, Rivara F P
Department of Pediatrics, Harborview Medical Center (MS 359774), 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
Inj Prev. 2002 Dec;8(4):264-7. doi: 10.1136/ip.8.4.264.
In contrast to the steady reduction in mortality and morbidity from collisions involving motor vehicle occupants, relatively little progress has been made in controlling motor vehicle/pedestrian collisions. Engineering modifications are the most effective means of reducing such collisions, but mainly because of their cost, and public apathy about pedestrian safety, are too rarely employed. A modest experiment in community action was undertaken by attempting to induce the authorities of 10 small cities to apply for state funds to create a single model pedestrian refuge in their respective communities. Our hope was that this model would later lead to more widespread improvements. The key elements of the campaign were organizing local pedestrian safety task forces, compiling local pedestrian injury statistics, and publicizing the stories of pedestrian injury victims. At the conclusion of the planning process, all 10 target communities submitted grant applications and all 10 received full grant funding. Five projects were completed as planned, two are under construction, and the plans for three were abandoned. Pedestrian safety is not an issue that captures public attention. To make progress, goals must be modest, and a dedicated constituency must be developed. "Victim advocacy" is a vital part of this process. Progress in injury control requires concerted community action.
与涉及机动车驾乘人员的碰撞事故导致的死亡率和发病率稳步下降形成对比的是，在控制机动车与行人碰撞事故方面取得的进展相对较小。工程改造是减少此类碰撞事故最有效的手段，但主要由于成本问题以及公众对行人安全的冷漠，这种手段很少被采用。我们进行了一项适度的社区行动实验，试图促使10个小城市的当局申请国家资金，以便在各自社区创建一个单一的模范行人避难所。我们希望这个模范日后能带来更广泛的改善。该活动的关键要素包括组建当地行人安全特别工作组、汇编当地行人受伤统计数据以及宣传行人受伤受害者的故事。在规划过程结束时，所有10个目标社区都提交了拨款申请，并且全部10个社区都获得了全额拨款。5个项目按计划完成，2个正在建设中，3个项目的计划被放弃。行人安全并非一个能引起公众关注的问题。要取得进展，目标必须适度，并且必须发展一个专注的支持者群体。“受害者倡导”是这一过程的重要组成部分。伤害控制方面的进展需要社区的协同行动。
