Rivara F P, Booth C L, Bergman A B, Rogers L W, Weiss J
Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.
Pediatrics. 1991 Oct;88(4):770-5.
Pedestrian injuries are a complex problem for which no single intervention will be completely effective. One component of a community-wide program, training of schoolchildren in street-crossing skills, is evaluated. The program targeted public school students in grades K through 4 with an eight-session training program by a single teacher, cross-age teaching, videotape feedback, and in 1990 parent-child activity workbooks. Children's street crossing was observed pretraining and posttraining and graded on four behaviors: WALKING on sidewalk/shoulder vs in the street; STOPPING at the curb; LOOKING L-R-L before crossing; KEEP LOOKING while crossing. Analysis was conducted on matched pairs in which observations pretraining were compared with those posttraining on same child. Observations were completed on 137 children in 1989 and 92 in 1990. Nearly all children walked on the side of the road; however, fewer than 50% of children STOPPED, 25% LOOKED, and fewer than 20% KEPT LOOKING before training. Training did not improve the performance on the first two behaviors in either year, significantly increased LOOKING in 1990, and increased KEEP LOOKING by twofold in 1989 and threefold in 1990. It is concluded that pedestrian skills of children can be improved but that such a program must be part of a broader effort if pedestrian injuries are to decrease.
行人受伤是一个复杂的问题，没有任何单一的干预措施能完全有效。本文对社区范围内项目的一个组成部分——对学童进行过马路技能培训进行了评估。该项目针对幼儿园至四年级的公立学校学生，由一名教师开展了为期八节的培训课程，采用跨年龄教学、录像反馈，并在1990年使用了亲子活动练习册。在培训前和培训后观察儿童过马路的情况，并根据四种行为进行评分：走在人行道/路肩上还是马路上；在路边停下；过马路前左右看；过马路时持续观察。对配对儿童进行分析，将其培训前的观察结果与培训后的观察结果进行比较。1989年对137名儿童、1990年对92名儿童完成了观察。几乎所有儿童都走在路边；然而，培训前只有不到50%的儿童会停下，25%的儿童会左右看，不到20%的儿童会持续观察。在这两年中，培训都没有改善前两种行为的表现，1990年显著增加了左右看的行为，1989年持续观察的行为增加了两倍，1990年增加了三倍。得出的结论是，儿童的行人技能可以得到提高，但如果要减少行人受伤，这样的项目必须成为更广泛努力的一部分。
