Campagnolo Enzo R, Johnson Kammy R, Karpati Adam, Rubin Carol S, Kolpin Dana W, Meyer Michael T, Esteban J Emilio, Currier Russell W, Smith Kathleen, Thu Kendall M, McGeehin Michael
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2002 Nov 1;299(1-3):89-95. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00233-4.
Expansion and intensification of large-scale animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the United States has resulted in concern about environmental contamination and its potential public health impacts. The objective of this investigation was to obtain background data on a broad profile of antimicrobial residues in animal wastes and surface water and groundwater proximal to large-scale swine and poultry operations. The samples were measured for antimicrobial compounds using both radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) techniques. Multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds (commonly at concentrations of > 100 microg/l) were detected in swine waste storage lagoons. In addition, multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds were detected in surface and groundwater samples collected proximal to the swine and poultry farms. This information indicates that animal waste used as fertilizer for crops may serve as a source of antimicrobial residues for the environment. Further research is required to determine if the levels of antimicrobials detected in this study are of consequence to human and/or environmental ecosystems. A comparison of the radioimmunoassay and LC/ESI-MS analytical methods documented that radioimmunoassay techniques were only appropriate for measuring residues in animal waste samples likely to contain high levels of antimicrobials. More sensitive LC/ESI-MS techniques are required in environmental samples, where low levels of antimicrobial residues are more likely.
美国大规模动物饲养场（AFOs）的扩张和集约化引发了人们对环境污染及其潜在公共卫生影响的担忧。本调查的目的是获取有关大型养猪场和家禽养殖场附近动物粪便以及地表水和地下水中抗菌药物残留概况的背景数据。使用放射免疫分析法和液相色谱/电喷雾电离质谱法（LC/ESI-MS）技术对样品中的抗菌化合物进行测定。在猪粪储存池中检测到多种类别的抗菌化合物（通常浓度>100微克/升）。此外，在靠近养猪场和家禽养殖场采集的地表水和地下水样品中也检测到多种类别的抗菌化合物。这些信息表明，用作农作物肥料的动物粪便可能成为环境中抗菌药物残留的一个来源。需要进一步研究以确定本研究中检测到的抗菌药物水平是否会对人类和/或环境生态系统产生影响。放射免疫分析法和LC/ESI-MS分析方法的比较表明，放射免疫分析技术仅适用于测量可能含有高浓度抗菌药物的动物粪便样品中的残留。对于更可能含有低水平抗菌药物残留的环境样品，则需要更灵敏的LC/ESI-MS技术。
