Smith K D, Ozinsky A
Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Box 35610, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;270:93-108. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-59430-4_6.
The innate immune system identifies the presence of infection by detecting structures that are unique to microbes and that are not expressed in the host. The bacterial flagellum (Latin, a whip) confers motility, on a wide range of bacterial species. Vertebrates, plants, and invertebrates all have evolved flagellar recognition systems that are activated by flagellin, the major component of the bacterial flagellar filament. In mammals, flagellin is recognized by Toll-like receptor-5 and activates defense responses both systemically and at epithelial surfaces. Here, we review the role for Toll-like receptor-5 in mediating the mammalian innate immune response to flagellin, and how this provides for defense against infections caused by many different species of flagellated bacteria.
先天免疫系统通过检测微生物特有的、在宿主中不表达的结构来识别感染的存在。细菌鞭毛（拉丁语，鞭子）赋予多种细菌运动能力。脊椎动物、植物和无脊椎动物都进化出了鞭毛识别系统，这些系统可被鞭毛蛋白激活，鞭毛蛋白是细菌鞭毛丝的主要成分。在哺乳动物中，鞭毛蛋白被Toll样受体5识别，并在全身和上皮表面激活防御反应。在此，我们综述Toll样受体5在介导哺乳动物对鞭毛蛋白的先天免疫反应中的作用，以及这如何为抵御多种不同鞭毛菌引起的感染提供防御。
