Sainsbury Amanda, Cooney Gregory J, Herzog Herbert
Neurobiology Research Program, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Dec;16(4):623-37. doi: 10.1053/beem.2002.0230.
The co-ordinated regulation of food intake and energy expenditure takes place in the hypothalamic regions of the brain. Current understanding of the systems involved in this regulation suggests that, in the hypothalamus, there are two major groups of neuropeptides involved in orexigenic and anorexic processes. The orexigenic neuropeptides are neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and the anorexic neuropeptides are alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART). Theneurons expressing these neuropeptides interact with each other and with signals from the periphery (such as leptin, insulin, ghrelin and glucocorticoids) to regulate feeding behaviour, energy expenditure and various endocrine axes. Although direct evidence is limited, there are examples of genetic obesity in humans which suggest that the balance between orexigenic and anorexic pathways in the hypothalamus is also pivotally important in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in humans.
食物摄入和能量消耗的协调调节发生在大脑的下丘脑区域。目前对参与该调节系统的理解表明，在下丘脑中，有两组主要的神经肽参与食欲增进和食欲抑制过程。食欲增进神经肽是神经肽Y（NPY）和刺鼠相关肽（AgRP），而食欲抑制神经肽是α-黑素细胞刺激素（α-MSH）和可卡因及苯丙胺调节转录肽（CART）。表达这些神经肽的神经元相互作用，并与来自外周的信号（如瘦素、胰岛素、胃饥饿素和糖皮质激素）相互作用，以调节进食行为、能量消耗和各种内分泌轴。尽管直接证据有限，但人类遗传性肥胖的例子表明，下丘脑食欲增进和食欲抑制途径之间的平衡在维持人类能量稳态中也至关重要。
