Swanik Kathleen A, Lephart Scott M, Swanik C Buz, Lephart Susan P, Stone David A, Fu Freddie H
Undergraduate Athletic Training Program and Graduate Athletic Training Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002 Nov-Dec;11(6):579-86. doi: 10.1067/mse.2002.127303.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plyometric training of the shoulder internal rotators on proprioception, kinesthesia, and selected muscle performance characteristics in female swimmers. Twenty-four female division I swimmers were evaluated before and after a 6-week plyometric training program. Proprioception and kinesthesia were assessed for internal and external rotation at 0 degrees, 75 degrees, and 90% of the subject's maximum external rotation. The Biodex II was used to assess strength characteristics at 60 degrees /s, 240 degrees /s, and 450 degrees /s. Plyometric training sessions (2 times/week) involved 3 sets of 15 repetitions with a trampoline, weighted balls, and elastic tubing. A 2-way analysis of variance revealed significant improvement (P <.05) in proprioception at 0 degrees moving into external rotation, as well as 75 degrees and 90% moving into both internal and external rotation. Kinesthesia demonstrated significant improvement for all test conditions after plyometric training. Significant gains in selected muscle performance characteristics included time to peak torque (60 degrees /s and 240 degrees /s), amortization time (450 degrees /s), and torque decrement (240 degrees /s). This study suggests that plyometric activities may facilitate neural adaptations that enhance proprioception, kinesthesia, and muscle performance characteristics. Significant neuromuscular benefits may be attained if they are implemented earlier into shoulder rehabilitation programs.
本研究的目的是确定对女性游泳运动员肩部内旋肌进行增强式训练对本体感觉、运动觉以及所选肌肉性能特征的影响。24名一级女子游泳运动员在进行为期6周的增强式训练计划前后接受了评估。在0度、75度以及受试者最大外旋角度的90%时对内旋和外旋的本体感觉和运动觉进行了评估。使用Biodex II在60度/秒、240度/秒和450度/秒时评估力量特征。增强式训练课程（每周2次）包括使用蹦床、加重球和弹力管进行3组，每组15次重复动作。双向方差分析显示，在从0度开始外旋以及从75度和90%开始内旋和外旋时，本体感觉有显著改善（P <.05）。增强式训练后，运动觉在所有测试条件下均显示出显著改善。所选肌肉性能特征的显著提高包括达到峰值扭矩的时间（60度/秒和240度/秒）、缓冲时间（450度/秒）和扭矩下降（240度/秒）。本研究表明，增强式活动可能有助于神经适应性变化，从而增强本体感觉、运动觉和肌肉性能特征。如果将其更早地纳入肩部康复计划，可能会获得显著的神经肌肉益处。
