Canals Josepa, Domènech-Llaberia Edelmira, Fernández-Ballart Joan, Martí-Henneberg Carles
Department of Psychology, Rovira i Virgili University, Cta Valls s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;11(5):226-33. doi: 10.1007/s00787-002-0286-y.
This study prospectively examined predicting factors and depressive antecedents of depression in early adulthood and determined differences by sex. 199 adolescents aged 11-12 from the general community were followed up annually for 4 years and reassessed at 18 years of age. Sociodemographic data, depressive symptomatology, anxiety level, personality dimensions, self-esteem, academic aptitude and pubertal development were reported throughout this period and tested as possible risk variables of depression. At 18, depression was diagnosed using ICD-10 criteria. Of the cases of major depression (MDD) at eighteen, 30% had been diagnosed as MDD between 12 and 14 years of age. Of the cases of MDD at eighteen, 80% had had depressive symptomatology between the ages of 11 and 14. Subclinical scores in the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) were early indicators of long-term risk. Gender differences were found in the risk pattern; depressive symptoms were more significant in girls than in boys. In boys, early anxious symptomatology was a significant predictor. This study reports cross-cultural data that support a continuity of depression from adolescence to young adulthood.
本研究前瞻性地考察了成年早期抑郁症的预测因素和抑郁前期情况，并确定了性别差异。对来自普通社区的199名11 - 12岁青少年进行了为期4年的年度随访，并在他们18岁时进行重新评估。在此期间记录了社会人口统计学数据、抑郁症状、焦虑水平、人格维度、自尊、学业能力和青春期发育情况，并将其作为抑郁症可能的风险变量进行测试。18岁时，根据国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）标准诊断抑郁症。在18岁时被诊断为重度抑郁症（MDD）的病例中，30%在12至14岁之间就已被诊断为MDD。在18岁时被诊断为MDD的病例中，80%在11至14岁之间有过抑郁症状。儿童抑郁量表（CDI）的亚临床评分是长期风险的早期指标。在风险模式中发现了性别差异；女孩的抑郁症状比男孩更显著。在男孩中，早期焦虑症状是一个重要的预测因素。本研究报告的跨文化数据支持了从青春期到成年早期抑郁症的连续性。
