Hrubec Z, Cederlöf R, Friberg L
Am J Epidemiol. 1976 Jan;103(1):16-29. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112201.
Questionnaire data on about 1200 male twin pairs from the Registry at the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, and on about 4000 male twin pairs from the Registry of the National Research Council, Washington, DC, have been used to study factors affecting angina pectoris. An operational definition of "angina pectoris" was developed from the questionnaire. In the available data, alcohol drinking, lack of exercise, frequent change of employer, low occupational adjustment and smoking are moderately but significantly related to angina among individuals (disregarding twin relationships) in both Sweden and the US. In monozygous US twin pairs discordant for the above variables, significantly different rates of angina appear only with alcohol drinking. In discordant dizygous US twin pairs, significantly different rates of angina appear with alcohol drinking and with low occupational adjustment. Of the independent variables only smoking and drinking are appreciably associated with each other. These findings suggest that alcohol drinking and to a lesser extent occupational adjustment are related to angina directly and not through their association with other factors such as age, genetic background, smoking, physical exercise and early environment.
来自斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡学院登记处约1200对男性双胞胎的数据，以及来自华盛顿特区国家研究委员会登记处约4000对男性双胞胎的数据，已被用于研究影响心绞痛的因素。从调查问卷中得出了“心绞痛”的操作性定义。在现有数据中，在瑞典和美国，饮酒、缺乏运动、频繁更换雇主、职业适应能力低和吸烟与个体（不考虑双胞胎关系）中的心绞痛呈中度但显著的相关性。在上述变量不一致的美国同卵双胞胎对中，只有饮酒时心绞痛发生率才会出现显著差异。在不一致的美国异卵双胞胎对中，饮酒和职业适应能力低时心绞痛发生率会出现显著差异。在自变量中，只有吸烟和饮酒之间有明显关联。这些发现表明，饮酒以及在较小程度上的职业适应能力与心绞痛直接相关，而非通过它们与年龄、遗传背景、吸烟、体育锻炼和早期环境等其他因素的关联。
