Krawczyk Daniel C
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2002 Oct;26(6):631-64. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(02)00021-0.
The neural basis of decision making has been an elusive concept largely due to the many subprocesses associated with it. Recent efforts involving neuroimaging, neuropsychological studies, and animal work indicate that the prefrontal cortex plays a central role in several of these subprocesses. The frontal lobes are involved in tasks ranging from making binary choices to making multi-attribute decisions that require explicit deliberation and integration of diverse sources of information. In categorizing different aspects of decision making, a division of the prefrontal cortex into three primary regions is proposed. (1) The orbitofrontal and ventromedial areas are most relevant to deciding based on reward values and contribute affective information regarding decision attributes and options. (2) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is critical in making decisions that call for the consideration of multiple sources of information, and may recruit separable areas when making well defined versus poorly defined decisions. (3) The anterior and ventral cingulate cortex appear especially relevant in sorting among conflicting options, as well as signaling outcome-relevant information. This topic is broadly relevant to cognitive neuroscience as a discipline, as it generally comprises several aspects of cognition and may involve numerous brain regions depending on the situation. The review concludes with a summary of how these regions may interact in deciding and possible future research directions for the field.
决策的神经基础一直是一个难以捉摸的概念，这主要是由于与之相关的众多子过程。最近涉及神经成像、神经心理学研究和动物实验的研究表明，前额叶皮质在其中几个子过程中起着核心作用。额叶参与的任务范围广泛，从做出二元选择到做出需要明确思考和整合多种信息来源的多属性决策。在对决策的不同方面进行分类时，有人提出将前额叶皮质划分为三个主要区域。（1）眶额和腹内侧区域与基于奖励价值进行决策最为相关，并提供有关决策属性和选项的情感信息。（2）背外侧前额叶皮质在做出需要考虑多种信息来源的决策时至关重要，并且在做出明确界定与界定不清的决策时可能会调用不同的区域。（3）前扣带回和腹侧扣带回皮质在对相互冲突的选项进行排序以及发出与结果相关的信息时显得尤为重要。作为一门学科，这个主题与认知神经科学广泛相关，因为它通常包含认知的几个方面，并且可能根据情况涉及众多脑区。综述最后总结了这些区域在决策过程中可能如何相互作用以及该领域未来可能的研究方向。
