Vaidya Avinash R, Fellows Lesley K
Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
F1000Res. 2020 Feb 28;9. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.21946.1. eCollection 2020.
Even apparently simple choices, like selecting a dessert in a pastry shop, involve options characterized by multiple motivationally relevant attributes. Neuroeconomic research suggests that the human brain may track the subjective value of such options, allowing disparate reward-predictive information to be compared in a common currency. However, the brain mechanisms involved in identifying value-predictive features and combining these to assess the value of each decision option remain unclear. Here, we review recent evidence from studies of multi-attribute decision-making in people with focal frontal lobe damage and in healthy people undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. This work suggests that ventromedial and lateral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex are important for forming value judgments under conditions of complexity. We discuss studies supporting the involvement of these regions in selecting among and evaluating option attributes during value judgment and decision-making and when learning from reward feedback. These findings are consistent with roles for these regions in guiding value construction. They argue for a more nuanced understanding of how ventral and lateral prefrontal cortex contribute to discovering and recognizing value, processes that are required under the complex conditions typical of many everyday decisions.
即使是看似简单的选择，比如在糕点店挑选甜点，也涉及到具有多个动机相关属性的选项。神经经济学研究表明，人类大脑可能会追踪这些选项的主观价值，从而使不同的奖励预测信息能够以一种通用货币进行比较。然而，参与识别价值预测特征并将这些特征结合起来以评估每个决策选项价值的大脑机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们回顾了近期对患有局灶性额叶损伤的人群以及接受功能磁共振成像的健康人群进行的多属性决策研究的证据。这项研究表明，腹内侧前额叶皮层、外侧前额叶皮层和眶额皮层对于在复杂条件下形成价值判断很重要。我们讨论了支持这些区域在价值判断和决策过程中以及从奖励反馈中学习时参与选择和评估选项属性的研究。这些发现与这些区域在指导价值构建中的作用一致。它们主张对腹侧和外侧前额叶皮层如何有助于发现和识别价值有更细致入微的理解，而这些过程是许多日常决策典型的复杂条件下所必需的。
