Berner Y N, Stern F, Polyak Z, Dror Y
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2002;6(4):237-42.
Inadequate food intake in old age can lead to marginal or suboptimal nutrient intakes causing the deterioration of physiological and health states.
To describe, by intake assessment, nutritional status of institutionalized elderly and to compare the data to other studies findings.
Dietary intake was assessed in 50 (18 males, 32 females, average age 84 6 years) institutionalized elderly according to data collected by using structured food frequency questionnaires based on the institutional kitchen recipes, weekly menu and portion size.
Daily energy intake was 1.91 0.48 Mcal and energy density was 4.97 kcal/g dry matter. Energy derived from protein and fat was 15.1% and 35.4%, respectively. Dietary fiber consumption was very low, 3.92 g/Mcal. Calcium intake of all of the subjects, and magnesium, zinc and copper intakes of most of them, were low. Iron intake of almost all of the subjects was sufficient or above RDA. Intake of vitamins D, E, B6, thiamin (vitamin B1) and folic acid in all or most of the subjects was low. In almost all of the 39 studies and reviews, including ours, densities of at least two nutrients did not meet the calculated RDA density. Particularly low were the nutrient densities of vitamins C and E, thiamin, vitamin B6, folic acid and vitamin D, as well as of calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper.
Supplementation with half the RDA of micronutrients (except for vitamin A and iron) may result in micronutrient intakes that are higher than two-thirds of the RDA.
老年人食物摄入量不足会导致营养素摄入处于边缘水平或未达最佳状态，从而致使生理和健康状况恶化。
通过摄入量评估描述机构养老老年人的营养状况，并将数据与其他研究结果进行比较。
根据基于机构厨房食谱、每周菜单和食物分量收集的数据，使用结构化食物频率问卷对50名（18名男性，32名女性，平均年龄84±6岁）机构养老老年人的饮食摄入量进行评估。
每日能量摄入量为1.91±0.48千卡，能量密度为4.97千卡/克干物质。蛋白质和脂肪提供的能量分别为15.1%和35.4%。膳食纤维摄入量极低，为3.92克/千卡。所有受试者的钙摄入量以及大多数受试者的镁、锌和铜摄入量均较低。几乎所有受试者的铁摄入量充足或高于推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）。所有或大多数受试者的维生素D、E、B6、硫胺素（维生素B1）和叶酸摄入量均较低。在包括我们研究在内的几乎所有39项研究和综述中，至少两种营养素的密度未达到计算出的RDA密度。维生素C、E、硫胺素、维生素B6、叶酸和维生素D以及钙、镁、锌和铜的营养素密度尤其低。
补充一半RDA的微量营养素（维生素A和铁除外）可能会使微量营养素摄入量高于RDA的三分之二。
