Savina E A, Iakovleva V I, Plakhuta-Plakutina G I, Pankova A S
Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med. 1976 Jan-Feb;10(1):57-61.
Dogs were exposed to six-year gamma-irradiation with doses of 21-1140 rad/year; pathomorphological changes were studied in testicles thyroid gland, adrenals, liver and kidneys. The level of morphological changes in the organs during the six-year exposure was dissimilar and depended on the radiosensitivity of a specific organ, dose rate and acute irradiations that were applied during the experiment. In testicles morphological changes (reduction of layers of the spermatogenous epithelium, decrease of the number of spermatozoids in testicular canals) appeared during the first year of irradiation at a dose rate of 0.34 rad/day. Later, these changes progressed and by the end of the six-year exposure were followed by a distinct sclerosis of the interstitial tissue and hyperplasia of Leydig's cells. In the thyroid gland signs of the hypofunctional state were seen by the end of the second year of irradiation at a dose rate of 0.34 rad/day and persisted afterwards. In adrenals hypertrophy of the bundle and glomerular zones were observed during the second-fourth years of irradiation at a dose rate of 0.34 rad/day. As irradiation proceeded hyperplastic processes developed in the thyroid gland and adrenals (adenomatous nodes in the thyroid gland, adenomatous hyperplasia in the adrenal cortex). Vacuolar and fat dystrophy of hepatocytes and disturbed permeability of glomerular capillaries in the kidneys were detected only at the end of the third year of irradiation. During the fifth and, particularly, the sixth year of the exposure sclerotic changes in the liver vessels, hyalinosis of small arteries and nephrosclerotic foci in the kidneys were found.
将狗暴露于剂量为21 - 1140拉德/年的六年伽马辐射中；研究了睾丸、甲状腺、肾上腺、肝脏和肾脏的病理形态学变化。在六年的暴露期间，各器官的形态学变化程度不同，这取决于特定器官的放射敏感性、剂量率以及实验期间施加的急性辐射。在睾丸中，当剂量率为0.34拉德/天时，在照射的第一年就出现了形态学变化（生精上皮层数减少，睾丸管内精子数量减少）。后来，这些变化继续发展，到六年暴露结束时，间质组织出现明显硬化，莱迪希细胞增生。在甲状腺中，当剂量率为0.34拉德/天时，在照射的第二年结束时出现功能减退状态的迹象，并持续存在。在肾上腺中，当剂量率为0.34拉德/天时,在照射的第二至四年观察到束状带和球状带肥大。随着照射的进行，甲状腺和肾上腺出现增生性病变（甲状腺腺瘤结节，肾上腺皮质腺瘤样增生）。仅在照射的第三年结束时才检测到肝细胞的空泡性和脂肪变性以及肾脏肾小球毛细血管通透性紊乱。在暴露的第五年，特别是第六年，发现肝脏血管有硬化变化、小动脉玻璃样变性和肾脏肾硬化灶。
