Gilbertson Heather R, Thorburn Anne W, Brand-Miller Jennie C, Chondros Patty, Werther George A
Department of Nutrition and Food Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;77(1):83-90. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/77.1.83.
The practicality of diets with a low glycemic index (GI) is controversial. Theoretically, low-GI diets may limit food choice and increase dietary fat intake, but there is little objective evidence to support such a theory.
The objective was to determine the effect of low-GI dietary advice on dietary quality and food choice in children with diabetes.
Children aged 8-13 y with type 1 diabetes (n = 104) were recruited to a prospective, randomized study comparing the effects of traditional carbohydrate-exchange dietary advice (CHOx) with those of more flexible low-GI dietary advice (LowGI). We determined the effect on long-term macronutrient intake and food choice with the use of 3-d food diaries.
There were no differences in reported macronutrient intakes during any of the recording periods. After 12 mo, intakes of dietary fat (33.5 +/- 5.6% and 34.2 +/- 6.7% of energy, P = 0.65), carbohydrate (48.8 +/- 5.4% and 48.6 +/- 6.5% of energy, P = 0.86), protein (17.6 +/- 2.5% and 17.3 +/- 3.7% of energy, P = 0.61), total sugars, and fiber did not differ significantly between the CHOx and LowGI groups, respectively. The average number of different carbohydrate food choices per day also did not differ significantly. Subjects in the lowest-GI quartile consumed less carbohydrate as potato and white bread, but more carbohydrate as dairy-based foods and whole-grain breads than did subjects in the highest-GI quartile.
Children with diabetes who receive low-GI dietary advice do not report more limited food choices or a diet with worse macronutrient composition than do children who consume a traditional carbohydrate-exchange diet.
低血糖生成指数（GI）饮食的实用性存在争议。理论上，低GI饮食可能会限制食物选择并增加膳食脂肪摄入量，但几乎没有客观证据支持这一理论。
本研究旨在确定低GI饮食建议对糖尿病儿童饮食质量和食物选择的影响。
招募104名8-13岁的1型糖尿病儿童参与一项前瞻性随机研究，比较传统碳水化合物交换饮食建议（CHOx）和更灵活的低GI饮食建议（LowGI）的效果。我们使用3天食物日记确定其对长期常量营养素摄入量和食物选择的影响。
在任何记录期间，报告的常量营养素摄入量均无差异。12个月后，CHOx组和LowGI组的膳食脂肪摄入量（分别占能量的33.5±5.6%和34.2±6.7%，P=0.65）、碳水化合物摄入量（分别占能量的48.8±5.4%和48.6±6.5%，P=0.86）、蛋白质摄入量（分别占能量的17.6±2.5%和17.3±3.7%，P=0.61）、总糖摄入量和膳食纤维摄入量均无显著差异。每天不同碳水化合物食物选择的平均数量也无显著差异。与高GI四分位数组的受试者相比，低GI四分位数组的受试者食用土豆和白面包形式的碳水化合物较少，但食用乳制品和全麦面包形式的碳水化合物较多。
与采用传统碳水化合物交换饮食的儿童相比，接受低GI饮食建议的糖尿病儿童并未报告食物选择受到更多限制或常量营养素组成更差的饮食情况。
