Glace Beth, Murphy Christine, McHugh Malachy
Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 E. 77th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2002 Dec;12(4):414-27. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.12.4.414.
The purpose of this study was to document eating strategies employed by runners during a 160-km race, and to identify eating patterns that predispose the runner to disturbed mental or gastrointestinal functioning. We monitored intake in 19 volunteers during the 12 hours pre-race. Intake was determined by interview with runners approximately every 12 km throughout the race. The mean finish time was 24.3 hours, with 4 runners not completing the race. Body mass decreased during the race, 75.9 +/- 2.3 kg to 74.4 +/- 2.2 kg (p <.001). Runners ingested 2643 kcals during the 12 hours prerace (68% carbohydrate) and 3.8 L of fluid. During the race 6047 kcal, 18 L of fluid, and 12 g of sodium were consumed. Gastrointestinal distress (GI) was experienced by half of the participants, but was unrelated to food or fluid intake. Upper GI symptoms were more prevalent than lower and occurred mainly after 88 km. Runners with GI distress tended to complete fewer training miles (p =.10) and to do shorter training runs (p =.08). Half of the volunteers reported mental status changes (MSC), such as confusion or dizziness. Runners with MSC had greater intake of total calories, carbohydrate, and fluid (p <.05) than runners without MSC. They also completed shorter training runs (p =.03). Caloric and moisture intake for all runners far exceeded intakes described previously. Although intake did not match energy expenditure, it may represent the upper limit for absorption during exercise, and very high food and/or fluid intake appears to lead to perturbed mental status.
本研究的目的是记录跑步者在160公里比赛中采用的进食策略，并确定使跑步者易出现精神或胃肠功能紊乱的进食模式。我们在比赛前12小时监测了19名志愿者的摄入量。通过在比赛全程大约每12公里对跑步者进行访谈来确定摄入量。平均完赛时间为24.3小时，有4名跑步者未完成比赛。比赛期间体重下降，从75.9±2.3千克降至74.4±2.2千克（p<.001）。跑步者在赛前12小时摄入了2643千卡热量（68%为碳水化合物）和3.8升液体。比赛期间消耗了6047千卡热量、18升液体和12克钠。一半的参与者经历了胃肠不适（GI），但这与食物或液体摄入无关。上消化道症状比下消化道症状更普遍，主要发生在88公里之后。有胃肠不适的跑步者往往训练里程数更少（p = 0.10），且训练跑步距离更短（p = 0.08）。一半的志愿者报告有精神状态变化（MSC），如困惑或头晕。有精神状态变化的跑步者比没有精神状态变化的跑步者摄入的总热量、碳水化合物和液体更多（p<.05）。他们的训练跑步距离也更短（p = 0.03）。所有跑步者的热量和水分摄入量远远超过之前描述的摄入量。尽管摄入量与能量消耗不匹配，但它可能代表了运动期间吸收的上限，而且非常高的食物和/或液体摄入量似乎会导致精神状态紊乱。
