Seĭbil' V B, Malyshkina L P, Lavrova I K, Efimova V F, Sadovnikova V N
Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis, Federal Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance, Moscow, Russia.
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2002 Nov-Dec(6):43-7.
Immunity induced by immunization with oral poliomyelitis vaccine has long been considered to last for life, similarly to immunity developing after infection with wild poliomyelitis virus. Vaccine virus cannot circulate among the immune population for a long time. The vaccination of children against poliomyelitis, carried out in the course of many years, has made it possible to suggest that a considerable number of immune persons were present among the adult population. The examination of 1,030 Moscow donors has revealed that antibodies to poliomyelitis virus of types 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 47.3%, 45.5% and 76.4% of the examinees respectively, the values of the average geometric titers being low. It is known that passages of poliomyelitis vaccine virus through nonimmune persons may result in emergence of revertant viruses with increased neurovirulence. The nonimmune adult population, especially the mothers of vaccinated and revaccinated children, may serve as favorable environment for the circulation of vaccine viruses and the appearance of revertant viruses.
长期以来,口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗诱导的免疫力被认为可以终身持续,这与野生脊髓灰质炎病毒感染后产生的免疫力类似。疫苗病毒无法在免疫人群中长期传播。多年来对儿童进行的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种表明,成年人群中存在相当数量的免疫个体。对1030名莫斯科献血者的检测发现,分别有47.3%、45.5%和76.4%的受检者检测到1型、2型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体,平均几何滴度值较低。已知脊髓灰质炎疫苗病毒在非免疫人群中传代可能导致神经毒力增强的回复病毒出现。非免疫成年人群,尤其是接种和再次接种疫苗儿童的母亲,可能成为疫苗病毒传播和回复病毒出现的有利环境。