Villaveces Andrés, Cummings Peter, Koepsell Thomas D, Rivara Frederick P, Lumley Thomas, Moffat John
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Jan 15;157(2):131-40. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwf186.
The authors compared US motor vehicle and motorcycle mortality rates during periods when each of several alcohol-related laws were in effect with mortality rates during other periods. During the period 1980-1997, there were 792,184 deaths due to motor vehicle crashes and 63,052 deaths due to motorcycle crashes. An estimated 26% and 49% of these fatalities, respectively, were attributable to alcohol use. The incidence of alcohol-related mortality in motor vehicle crashes was lower when laws specifying a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 g/dl per se (laws stating that it is a criminal offense to drive with a blood alcohol concentration above the state's legal limit) were in effect (adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 0.88). For motorcycle deaths, the adjusted rate ratio was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.95). The incidence of alcohol-related mortality in motor vehicle crashes was also lower during periods when two other types of laws were in effect: zero tolerance laws (adjusted RR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.90) and administrative license revocation laws (adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98). Overall motorcycle mortality was lower when administrative license revocation laws were in effect (adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.98).
作者比较了多项与酒精相关法律生效期间美国机动车和摩托车死亡率与其他时期的死亡率。在1980年至1997年期间，有792,184人死于机动车撞车事故，63,052人死于摩托车撞车事故。据估计，这些死亡事故中分别有26%和49%可归因于酒精使用。当规定血液酒精浓度为0.08 g/dl本身的法律（规定血液酒精浓度超过该州法定限值驾车属于刑事犯罪的法律）生效时，机动车撞车事故中与酒精相关的死亡率较低（调整率比（RR）=0.86，95%置信区间（CI）：0.83，0.88）。对于摩托车死亡事故，调整率比为0.87（95%CI：0.79，0.95）。在另外两种法律生效期间，机动车撞车事故中与酒精相关的死亡率也较低：零容忍法律（调整RR = 0.88，95%CI：0.86，0.90）和行政许可吊销法律（调整RR = 0.95，95%CI：0.93，0.98）。当行政许可吊销法律生效时，总体摩托车死亡率较低（调整RR = 0.95，95%CI：0.92，0.98）。
